Molecular sieves-supported palladium(II) catalyst: Suzuki coupling of chloroarenes and an easy access to useful intermediates for the synthesis of irbesartan, losartan and boscalid

Palladium(II) chloride supported on 4 Å molecular sieves efficiently catalyzes the Suzuki coupling reactions of chlorobenzenes in presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide without any ligand. The useful intermediates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as irbesartan, and losartan have been prepared in one step following this reaction. The preparation of this catalyst is very simple. The FE-SEM image shows a cube shape ordered structure. The catalyst does not exhibit any nanoparticles as indicated by TEM. EDS and XPS demonstrate anchoring of Pd on molecular sieves in +2 oxidation state. This heterogeneous catalyst is stable, non-air sensitive and recyclable.     

A Novel Chiral Auxiliary for Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohol

The use of 1-menthyl ester of 1,3-dithiane-2-carboxylic acid as a chiral auxilary for the conversion of acetophenone, propiophenone and butyrophenone to the corresponding optically active tertiary alcohols 2-phenylhexan-2-ol, 3-phenylheptan-3-ol and 4-phenyloctan-4-ol, has been demonstrated.     

Aspects of tautomerism. Part 16. Influence of the y-keto function on the reactions of sulphonic acids

Reaction of sodium 2-formylbenzenesulphonate (1) with thionyl chloride or phosphorous pentachloride gives a mixture of pseudo (2) and normal (3) sulphonyl chlorides. Whereas ammonium 2-carboxybenzenesulphonate (6) gives only the normal sulphonyl chloride (7) on reaction with thionyl chloride, a mixture of normal (7) and pseudo (8) isomers are formed on reaction with phosphorous pentachloride. Sodium 2-benzoylbenzenesulphonate (15), on the other hand, gives the corresponding normal sulphonyl chloride (16) on reaction with both of the reagents mentioned above. Based on these observations it is concluded that γ-keto sulphonic acids are amenable to the influence of γ-carbonyl group as in the case of γ-keto carboxylic acids but to a lesser extent.     

Investigations into the nitric acid mediated dehalonitration of halophenols

A reaction of nitric acid with bromophenols and iodophenols results in substitution of the halogen with a nitro group. The study indicates moderate reactivity for bromophenols and iodophenols, while chlorophenols were found to be sluggish in this reaction.     

Polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by a manganese(III) acetate glycerol redox system

The kinetics of polymerization of acrylonitrile(AN) initiated by manganese(III) acetate in the presence of glycerol was investigated in the temperature range of 30–40°C. The effect of varying the concentrations of glycerol, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, metal ion, and monomer on the rate was studied. A suitable reaction scheme and rate expression have been proposed. Termination was mutual and was caused by the combination of two growing polymer radicals.     

Transient Metallo-Lipidoid Assemblies Amplify Covalent Catalysis of Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Reactions

Dissipative supramolecular assemblies are hallmarks of living systems, contributing to their complex, dynamic structures and emerging functions. Living cells can spatiotemporally control diverse biochemical reactions in membrane compartments and condensates, regulating metabolite levels, signal transduction or remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Herein, we constructed membranous compartments using self-assembly of lipid-like amphiphiles (lipidoid) in aqueous medium. The new double-tailed lipidoid features Cu(II) coordinated with a tetravalent chelator that dictates the binding of two amphiphilic ligands in cis-orientation. Hydrophobic interactions between the lipidoids coupled with intermolecular hydrogen bonding led to a well-defined bilayer vesicle structure. Oil-soluble S_NAr reaction is efficiently upregulated in the hydrophobic cavity, acting as a catalytic crucible. The modular system allows easy incorporation of exposed primary amine groups, which augments the catalysis of retro aldol and C−N bond formation reactions. Moreover, a higher-affinity chelator enables consumption of the Cu(II) template leveraging the differential thermodynamic stability, which allows a controllable lifetime of the vesicular assemblies. Concomitant temporal upregulation of the catalytic reactions could be tuned by the metal ion concentration. This work offers new possibilities for metal ion-mediated dynamic supramolecular systems, opening up a massive repertoire of functionally active dynamic “life-like” materials.     

High Energy Density Supercapacitors: An Overview of Efficient Electrode Materials,Electrolytes, Design,and Fabrication

Supercapacitors (SCs) are potentially trustworthy energy storage devices, therefore getting huge attention from researchers. However, due to limited capacitance and low energy density, there is still scope for improvement. The race to develop novel methods for enhancing their electrochemical characteristics is still going strong, where the goal of improving their energy density to match that of batteries by increasing their specific capacitance and raising their working voltage while maintaining high power capability and cutting the cost of production. In this light, this paper offers a succinct summary of current developments and fresh insights into the construction of SCs with high energy density which might help new researchers in the field of supercapacitor research. From electrolytes, electrodes, and device modification perspectives, novel applicable methodologies were emphasized and explored. When compared to conventional SCs, the special combination of electrode material/composites and electrolytes along with their fabrication design considerably enhances the electrochemical performance and energy density of the SCs. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic and mechanical variables connected to SCs′ energy storage process. To point the way toward a positive future for the design of high-energy SCs, the potential and difficulties are finally highlighted. Further, we explore a few important topics for enhancing the energy densities of supercapacitors, as well as some links between major impacting factors. The review also covers the obstacles and prospects in this fascinating subject. This gives a fundamental understanding of supercapacitors as well as a crucial design principle for the next generation of improved supercapacitors being developed for commercial and consumer use.     

Alicyclic-Amine-Derived Imine-BF3 Complexes: Easy-to-Make Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Valuable α-Functionalized Azacycles

A new strategy to access α-functionalized alicyclic amines via their corresponding imine-BF₃ complexes is reported. Isolable imine-BF₃ complexes, readily prepared via dehydrohalogenation of N-bromoamines in a base-promoted/18-crown-6 catalyzed process followed by addition of boron trifluoride etherate, undergo reactions with a wide range of organometallic nucleophiles to afford α-functionalized azacycles. Organozinc and organomagnesium nucleophiles add at ambient temperatures, obviating the need for cryogenic conditions. In situ preparation of imine-BF₃ complexes provides access to α-functionalized morpholines and piperazines directly from their parent amines in a single operation. α-Functionalized morpholines can be elaborated further, for instance by installing a second substituent in the α′-position.