Investigation on bainite transformation and metastable omega/orthorhombic martensite phases in as-quenched Cu-bearing ferrite steel

Abstract

The as-quenched microstructures of low-carbon Cu-bearing ferrite steel are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the granular bainite formation in Cu-bearing ferrite steel is attributed to a mixed mode of diffusional and displacive mechanisms. Besides, the particle-like or plate-shaped ω phases, along with thin-plate martensites consist of twin, are observed in the Mn1.4Cu-bearing steel, and the orientation relationship is determined as: [2 ?1 ?10]_ω // [0 1 1]_α and (0 1 ?1 0)_ω // (2 ?1 1)_α. The ultra-fine or ellipsoidal shaped nanoscale orthorhombic martensite phases, along with laths martensites consist of a high density of dislocations, are observed in the Mn0.66Cu-bearing steel, and the orientation relationship is determined as: [0 1 ?1]o//[?1 1 1]α and (?1 1 1)o//(1 0 1) α. A model is proposed to describe the overall martensite transformation kinetics by taking into account the Mn content, heterogeneity of C content and dislocation reactions play a major role in the subsequent martensite transformation.     

Validation of the Microreader 28A ID System: A 6-dye multiplex amplification assay for forensic application

The Microreader 28A ID System is a new 28-plex genotyping system with 6-dye multiplex amplification, which allows the simultaneous amplification of all 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core loci (CSF1PO, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D21S11, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D1S1656, D2S441, D2S1338, D10S1248, D12S391, D19S433, D22S1045), plus five extended STRs loci (D6S1043, Penta D, Penta E, DYS391, SE33), 2 Y-Indels (Rs2032678, Rs771783753), and the amelogenin loci. This system can be used for forensic analyses, such as personal identification, kinship testing, scientific research, database applications, and other aspects of human genetic identification. The validation of the Microreader 28A ID System followed the “Validation Guidelines for DNA Analysis Methods (2016)” described by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods and the regulations published by the China Ministry of Public Security. Our tests included PCR-based studies, sensitivity study, precision and accuracy evaluation, stutter percentage and heterozygous peak height ratio, inhibitor tests, species specificity, and population studies. The validation results suggest that the Microreader 28A ID system is a robust and reliable amplification kit for personal identification, kinship testing, and forensic database applications.     

二茂铁-离子液体修饰碳糊电极的研制

以室温离子液体N-辛基吡啶六氟磷酸盐为粘合剂与二茂铁和石墨粉相混合制备了一种新型二茂铁-离子液体修饰碳糊电极。以该电极为工作电极,采用循环伏安法、计时安培法研究了多巴胺(DA)在该糊电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明:该电极在pH 5.0的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液中,外加电压0.8 V条件下,灵敏度最高。电流增量与DA浓度在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-6 mol/L(S/N=3)。     

β,β-二氰亚甲基取代的叶绿素类二氢卟吩衍生物的合成及其可见光谱

以焦脱镁叶绿酸-a甲酯为起始原料,通过对3-位乙烯基的氧化、格氏反应和E-环的空气氧化和重排在二氢卟吩周环的不同位置上构建酰基结构,利用叶绿素-a衍生物的烷酰基和叶绿素-b的原有甲酰基与丙二腈进行Knoevenagel反应,完成一系列具有长波吸收的β,β-二氰亚甲基叶绿素-a衍生物的合成,并对不同取向的共轭取代基团对大环分子的可见光谱所产生的影响进行了相应的讨论.未见报道的叶绿素-a衍生物均经UV,IR,1H NMR及元素分析证明其结构.     

SPSS软件对铁矿中微量元素含量的统计分析

利用SPSS软件从统计学描述、正态分布检验、回归和相关分析、聚类分析和因子分析等方面对铁矿中微量元素含量特点进行了研究。分析结果表明:根据抽样样本,铁矿中11种微量元素含量均不符合正态分布特征,异常值分布矿种相对集中,重金属和硫及卤素之间的相关程度高,同时根据因子综合得分对矿种进行了分类,为铁矿品质评价和合理利用提供了一定的参考。     

Enzymatic electrosynthesis as an emerging electrochemical synthesis platform

Enzymatic electrosynthesis (EES), combining enzymatic catalysis and electrochemical techniques for the production of desired chemicals, has gained prominence because of its use of clean electrical energy inputs and highly specific enzyme biocatalysts and its capability of performing complicated reactions with high yield. In this review, we summarize the most recent state-of-the-art advances in EES and recognize that the research emphasis has shifted from CO₂ reduction to the utilization of N₂ and the synthesis of high-value products. Particular attention is given to the energy sources for powering EES, including direct electrical energy, light energy, and chemical energy obtained from self-powered biosystems. Enzyme-based hybrid systems integrated with microbial or chemical approaches are also presented. Finally, key challenges and future directions of EES are discussed briefly.     

毛细管电泳电化学法检测过氧化氢

以金微盘电极和离子液体修饰单壁碳纳米管糊微盘电极分别作为毛细管电泳电化学检测器,试验了两种电极对过氧化氢的响应情况,将金微盘电极与毛细管电泳联用,对过氧化氢进行了定性和定量检测.探讨了分离电压、缓冲溶液pH值和工作电位等条件对H2O2检测的影响.实验结果表明,峰电流与H2O2浓度在1.0×10-6～1.0×10-5mo...     

Enhancing the hydrophilic and antifouling properties of polypropylene nonwoven fabric membranes by the grafting of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) via the ATRP method

In this work, the surface characteristics of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PNVP)-modified nonwoven fabric (NWF) membranes and the effects of the surface characteristics on the membranes antifouling properties were investigated. Effects of grafting time, grafting temperature, and monomer concentration on the grafting degree of PNVP were systematically investigated. The effect of grafting degree on the surface characteristics was also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the structural and morphological changes on the membrane surface. The water contact angles decreased from 113±1.2° to 52±3°, which means that the hydrophilicity of the modified NWF was enhanced with increasing PNVP grafting degree. The surface free energy was calculated, which showed an increase after modification. Static bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption experiments were carried out, which showed a decrease of 82.5%. Permeation experiments of water and supernatant solution of active sludge were carried out to determine the antifouling characteristics against the extracellular polymeric substance. Results demonstrated that the modified NWF had higher permeation fluxes and lower flux loss in comparison with the original NWF. Bacterial adhesion on the membrane surface was largely suppressed after the introduction of PNVP.     

Photothermal performance of MFe2O4 nanoparticles

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as one of the promising cancer therapy approaches. As a representative photothermal agent (PTA), magnetite possesses many advantages such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, photothermal instability hampers its further application. Herein, we systematically synthesized three kinds of ferrite nanoparticles and detailedly investigated their photothermal effect. Compared with Fe₃O₄ and MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles exhibited a superior photothermal effect. After preservation for 70 days, the photothermal effect of Fe₃O₄ and MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles observably declined while ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles showed slight decrease. Furthermore, in vitro experiment, ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles showed little toxicity to cells and achieved outstanding effect in killing cancer cells under NIR laser irradiation. Overall, through synthesizing and studying three kinds of ferrite MFe₂O₄ nanoparticles, we obtained ferrites as PTAs and learned about their changing trend in photothermal effect, expecting it can inspire further exploration of photothermal agents.     

Discussion of the Drop Rest Phenomenon at Millimeter Scale and Coalescence of Droplets at Micrometer Scale

Adsorption of surfactants at water-oil interfaces is of great importance in the coalescence of drops and stability of emulsions. In this work, we have studied the adsorption of nonionic surfactants Span 80 at water-oil interfaces and its influence on the drop rest phenomenon and W/O emulsion stability in a pulsed DC electrical field. The variation of interfacial tension with the concentration of surfactant was studied and the data were fitted using a surface equation of state derived from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A stochastic model for coalescence was used to fit the coalescence time distributions. The significance of the model parameters was discussed. The stability of the emulsion was evaluated by conductivity methods. The researches in this article indicated that both of the rest time distribution of the drops at the interface and stability of the emulsion in the electrical field was significantly affected by surfactant concentration.