HL－1装置辅助加热等对能量约束的影响

在ＨＬ－１托卡马克上进行了辅助加热、加料、电流驱动的物理实验研究。在改善等离子体约束方面，某些实验取得了较好的结果。在适当的稳定放电条件下，低杂波电流驱动和弹丸注入辅助加料，均能使等离子体能量约束得到一定程度的改善，与相同密度条件下的欧姆加热放电相比，能量约束时间提高了约３０％。在电子回旋共振加热等离子体实验中，等离子体总能量明显增加，但与相同密度条件下的欧姆加热放电相比，能量约束时间减少了约２０％。     

Syntheses,crystal structures and blue emission of three zinc(II) coordination polymers with a 4,4′‐dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone ligand

Three novel zinc complexes [Zn(dbsf)(H₂O)₂] ( 1 ), [Zn(dbsf)(2,2′‐bpy)(H₂O)]·(i‐C₃H₇OH) ( 2 ) and [Zn(dbsf)(DMF)] ( 3 ) (H₂dbsf = 4,4′‐dicarboxybiphenyl sulfone, 2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, i‐C₃H₇OH = iso‐propanol, DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide) were first obtained and characterized by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Although the results show that all the complexes 1–3 have one‐dimensional chains formed via coordination bonds, unique three‐dimensional supramolecular structures are formed due to different coordination modes and configuration of the dbsf^2? ligand, hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions. Iso‐propanol molecules are in open channels of 2 while larger empty channels are formed in 3 . As compared with emission band of the free H₂dbsf ligand, emission peaks of the complexes 1–3 are red‐shifted, and they show blue emission, which originates from enlarging conjugation upon coordination. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Momentum transfer from vacuum field to anisotropic electromagnetic media

It is demonstrated that many novel vacuum effects will be caused if an anisotropic electromagnetic environment, which can break the universal symmetry of vacuum, is achieved. It is thus possible for the momentum to be transferred from the vacuum zero-point field to the anisotropic electromagnetic media. In addition to the effect considered by Feigel more recently [A. Feigel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 020404], there may exist another vacuum-fluctuation contribution to the momentum of a medium. Such an effect has a relativistic origin (resulting from the relativistic transformation of the optical constants), which, however, was not taken into account by Feigel.     

Boiling heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in a flat heat pipe evaporator with micro-grooved heating surface

An experimental study was performed to understand the nucleate boiling heat transfer of water–CuO nanoparticles suspension (nanofluids) at different operating pressures and different nanoparticle mass concentrations. The experimental apparatus is a miniature flat heat pipe (MFHP) with micro-grooved heat transfer surface of its evaporator. The experimental results indicate that the operating pressure has great influence on the nucleate boiling characteristics in the MFHP evaporator. The heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux (CHF) of nanofluids increase greatly with decreasing pressure as compared with those of water. The heat transfer coefficient and the CHF of nanofluids can increase about 25% and 50%, respectively, at atmospheric pressure whereas about 100% and 150%, respectively, at the pressure of 7.4 kPa. Nanoparticle mass concentration also has significant influence on the boiling heat transfer and the CHF of nanofluids. The heat transfer coefficient and the CHF increase slowly with the increase of the nanoparticle mass concentration at low concentration conditions. However, when the nanoparticle mass concentration is over 1.0 wt%, the CHF enhancement is close to a constant number and the heat transfer coefficient deteriorates. There exists an optimum mass concentration for nanofluids which corresponds to the maximum heat transfer enhancement and this optimum mass concentration is 1.0 wt% at all test pressures. The experiment confirmed that the boiling heat transfer characteristics of the MFHP evaporator can evidently be strengthened by using water/CuO nanofluids.     

Effect of a low magnetic field on crystallinity and magnetic susceptibility of molecular magnet {NBu4[FeCr(ox)3]}x (NBu4=tetra( n-butyl) ammonium ion; ox=oxalate ion)

Molecular magnet {NBu₄[Fe Cr(ox)₃]}_x (NBu₄⁺=tetra(n-buty1) ammonium ion; ox²⁻=oxalate ion) was synthesized under an applied low magnetic field of 0.3 T in comparison to that synthesized without a field. Their crystallinities, morphologies and magnetic properties were characterized by using the X-ray diffractionmeter, the transmission electron microscope, and a superconducting quantum interference device. It is found that the average size of particles synthesized under the applied field appears larger than that synthesized without a field. Moreover, its crystallinity, morphology and magnetic susceptibility have also been improved. However, its chemical structure and ferromagnetic phase transition temperature T_c do not change. Possible reasons to explain this effect are also discussed.     

红磷增效Al（OH）3／Mg（OH）2阻燃的聚丙烯结晶形态

借助宽角Ｘ－射线衍射、差热分析、偏光显微镜对红磷增效Ａｌ（ＯＨ）ａ和Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２混合填充的阻燃聚丙烯体系的结晶形态进行了研究。发现这种体系中不仅出现ａ型而且还出现β型聚丙烯晶体。β型晶体可能是由于Ａｌ（ＯＨ）ａ和Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）ａ协同诱发而生成的。     

Controlled hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of a nickel selenide series

A series of nickel selenides (NiSe2 microcrystals, Ni(1-x)Se and Ni3Se2 microspheres) has been successfully synthesized through a convenient, low-temperature hydrothermal method. A good nucleation and growth environment has been created by forming a uniform and transparent solution reaction system. The compositions (including the x value of Ni(1-x)Se), phase structures, as well as the morphologies of nickel selenides, can be controlled by adjusting the Ni/Se ratio of the raw materials, the pH, the reaction temperatures and times, and so forth. The newly produced Se microspheres in the system have been used as both reactant and in situ template to the Ni(1-x)Se microspheres. It is found that Ni(1-x)Se microspheres act as the intermediate precursor during the formation of Ni3Se2 microspheres. Under certain conditions, hexagonal NiSe microspheres can be converted into rhombohedral NiSe nanowires in solution. The formation mechanisms of a series of nickel selenides has been investigated in detail by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. This work has provided a general, simple, and effective method to control the composition, phase structure, and morphology of metal selenides in aqueous solution, which will be important for inorganic synthesis methodology and further applications of selenides.     

椭圆法用于阳极溶出伏安法测定微量银

用新物理量Ｖｏｐ的椭圆法对阳极溶出伏安法分析的含银离子浓度为１０＾５－１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的一系列溶液进行了研究。结果表明：光学方法与电化学方法所得分析结果相同；椭圆法可检测的浓度下限比电化学方法低一个数量级以上。而且测量的相对平均偏差也小于电化学方法。