Structure of ammonium salts of 2-oxy-1,4-butylene-and 2-oxy-1,5-amylenephosphoric acids

The structures of dioxaphosphepane (I) and dioxaphosphecane (II) salts prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding bicyclophosphates have been compared. In both cases, hydrolysis occurs with breaking of the P–O bond of the fragment at the secondary carbon atom of bicyclophosphate. In phosphocycles I and II, the endocyclic bond angles O–P–O are 104.2 and 104.9°, and the exocyclic ones are 117.7 and 118.6°, respectively. Conformations of the anions in I and II differ substantially: for I it is a twist conformation^C1T_C4, and for II a distorted armchair. The data obtained are compared with those found earlier for similar molecules.Moscow State Pedagogical University. Translated fromZhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 154–160, July–August, 1993.Translated by T. Yudanova     

Calculation of skin permeability coefficient for ionized and unionized species of indomethacin.

The contribution of ionized and unionized species to the overall permeation of weak electrolytes through the skin was investigated to determine the effect of pH in the vehicle on the permeability of indomethacin (IDM), as a model drug, through hairless rat skin. The permeability of IDM through polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) membranes which may reflect lipid and aqueous pathway, respectively, was also measured for comparison. As the pH in the vehicle increased, there was an exponential increase in the skin permeation rate of IDM. The permeation rate of IDM through the silicone membrane was constant independent of pH, whereas that through the pHEMA membrane increased with increasing pH, similar to the skin permeation. The permeability coefficients of ionized and unionized species through the skin estimated using the skin permeation rates and solubilities of IDM at various pHs were 1.50 x 10(-7) and 2.79 x 10(-5) cm/s, respectively. These results indicated that the permeation of ionized species greatly contributed to the total permeation of IDM at higher pH, and that the total permeation rate of IDM was determined by the permeation of unionized species at lower pH. These contributions depend on the pH and pKa values and the ratio of permeability coefficient of each species. It was also confirmed that the skin has at least two kinds of permeation pathways and these two species permeate through a different pathway.     

Mass spectral study on thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles. Studies on heterocyclic compounds. IV

Condensation of α-halocarbonyl compounds and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole gives thiazolo-[3,2-a]benzimidazoles. This condensation occurred at the mercapto group of the benzimidazole followed by cyclization to form the thiazole ring. This was confirmed by the examination of the mass spectra of 2- and 3-methylthiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazoles, 2- and 3-phenylthiazolo[3,2-a]-benzimidazoles, and their derivatives.     

The role of metallic palladium in the reductive decomposition of π-allyl palladium chloride in aqueous alkaline solutions

Russian Chemical Bulletin -