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991.
Background
Studies of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in laboratory rodents have raised hopes for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders, as AHN can be modulated by physical exercise, stress and environmental changes in these animals. Since it is not known whether cell proliferation and neurogenesis in wild living mice can be experimentally changed, this study investigates the responsiveness of AHN to voluntary running and to environmental change in wild caught long-tailed wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). 相似文献992.
We demonstrate a device that allows for the coherent analysis of a pair of optical frequency sidebands in an arbitrary basis. We show that our device is quantum noise limited, and hence applications for this scheme may be found in discrete and continuous variable optical quantum information experiments. 相似文献
993.
We report significant improvement in terahertz (THz) power and efficiency using photoconductive sources by use of a spatially extended line source excitation and the trap enhanced field effect that occurs in sources made on semi-insulating GaAs. The combination of high electric fields and reduced screening effects allows 10 microW of THz power to be generated with 14 mW of absorbed optical power, demonstrating nearly 0.1% optical-to-THz conversion efficiency. 相似文献
994.
We have trapped single protein molecules of R-phycoerythrin in an aqueous solution by an alternating electric field. A radio frequency voltage is applied to sharp nanoelectrodes and hence produces a strong electric field gradient. The resulting dielectrophoretic forces attract freely diffusing protein molecules. Trapping takes place at the electrode tips. Switching off the field immediately releases the molecules. The electric field distribution is computed, and from this the dielectrophoretic response of the molecules is calculated using a standard polarization model. The resulting forces are compared to the impact of Brownian motion. Finally, we discuss the experimental observations on the basis of the model calculations. 相似文献
995.
Praveen K. Gulaka Jian-Xin Yu Li Liu Ralph P. Mason Vikram D. Kodibagkar 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2013
The quantitative assessment of gene expression and related enzyme activity in vivo could be important for the characterization of gene altering diseases and therapy. The development of imaging techniques, based on specific reporter molecules may enable routine non-invasive assessment of enzyme activity and gene expression in vivo. We recently reported the use of commercially available S-Gal® as a β-galactosidase reporter for 1H MRI, and the synthesis of several S-Gal® analogs with enhanced response to β-galactosidase activity. We have now compared these analogs in vitro and have identified the optimal analog, C3-GD, based on strong T1 and T2 response to enzyme presence (ΔR1 and ΔR2 ~ 1.8 times S-Gal®). Moreover, application is demonstrated in vivo in human breast tumor xenografts. MRI studies in MCF7-lacZ tumors implanted subcutaneously in athymic nude mice (n = 6), showed significant reduction in T1 and T2 values (each ~ 13%) 2 h after intra-tumoral injection of C3-GD, whereas the MCF7 (wild type) tumors showed slight increase. Thus, C3-GD successfully detects β-galactosidase activity in vivo and shows promise as a lacZ gene 1H MR reporter molecule. 相似文献
996.
A new derivation for a scattering matrix for reflection and transmission of higher order modes at the planar junction of two waveguides is presented. The derivation is extended to include finite junction wall impedance and offset waveguides. The resulting matrix equations are analyzed and the physical significance of the matrices is explained. As an example of the theory, analytical expressions for the coupling coefficients at a size change in a rectangular duct are developed and the resulting reflection and transmission coefficients are computed. The results should be of interest to the HVAC noise control community. The paper also shows the effects of modal truncation on the accuracy and convergence of the solution. It is shown that the proper selection of the ratio of the number of modes on either side of the discontinuity is related to the ratio of the characteristic sizes of the waveguides. Finally it is shown that at least one higher mode should be included for reasonable accuracy in the computation of plane wave reflection and transmission coefficients except at the very lowest frequencies. 相似文献
997.
G Fuchs K-H Müller J Freudenberger K Nenkov S-L Drechsler SV Shulga D Lipp A Gladun T Cichorek P Gegenwart 《Pramana》2002,58(5-6):791-797
The effect of substitutional disorder on the superconducting properties of YNi2B2C was studied by partially replacing yttrium and nickel by Lu and Pt, respectively. For the two series of (Y, Lu)Ni2B2C and Y(Ni, Pt)2B2C compounds, the upper critical field H
c2(T) and the specific heat c
p(T, H) in the superconducting mixed state have been investigated. Disorder is found to reduce several relevant quantities such
as T
c, the upper critical field H
c2(0) at T=0 and a characteristic positive curvature of H
c2(T) observed for these compounds near T
c. The H
c2(T) data point to the clean limit for (Y, Lu) substitutions and to a transition to the quasi-dirty limit for (Ni, Pt) substitutions.
The electronic specific heat contribution γ(H) exhibits significant deviations from the usual linear γ(H) law. These deviations reduce with growing substitutional disorder but remain even in the quasidirty limit which is reached
in the Y(Ni1−x
, Pt
x
)2B2C samples for x=0.1. 相似文献
998.
Pollock BB Clayton CE Ralph JE Albert F Davidson A Divol L Filip C Glenzer SH Herpoldt K Lu W Marsh KA Meinecke J Mori WB Pak A Rensink TC Ross JS Shaw J Tynan GR Joshi C Froula DH 《Physical review letters》2011,107(4):045001
Laser wakefield acceleration of electrons holds great promise for producing ultracompact stages of GeV scale, high-quality electron beams for applications such as x-ray free electron lasers and high-energy colliders. Ultrahigh intensity laser pulses can be self-guided by relativistic plasma waves (the wake) over tens of vacuum diffraction lengths, to give >1 GeV energy in centimeter-scale low density plasmas using ionization-induced injection to inject charge into the wake even at low densities. By restricting electron injection to a distinct short region, the injector stage, energetic electron beams (of the order of 100 MeV) with a relatively large energy spread are generated. Some of these electrons are then further accelerated by a second, longer accelerator stage, which increases their energy to ~0.5 GeV while reducing the relative energy spread to <5% FWHM. 相似文献
999.
Parks JJ Champagne AR Hutchison GR Flores-Torres S Abruña HD Ralph DC 《Physical review letters》2007,99(2):026601
We study electron transport through C(60) molecules in the Kondo regime using a mechanically controllable break junction. By varying the electrode spacing, we are able to change both the width and the height of the Kondo resonance, indicating modification of the Kondo temperature and the relative strength of coupling to the two electrodes. The linear conductance as a function of T/T(K) agrees with the scaling function expected for the spin-1/2 Kondo problem. We are also able to tune finite-bias Kondo features which appear at the energy of the first C(60) intracage vibrational mode. 相似文献