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111.
112.
Maxwell Sherrod L. Culligan Brian Hutchison Jay B. Utsey Robin C. Sudowe Ralf McAlister Daniel R. 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2017,311(1):439-446
The sorption and diffusion behavior of cesium was studied to support the interpretation of the ongoing in-situ experiments in the Olkiluoto test site. The distribution coefficients of cesium in the Olkiluoto pegmatitic granite, veined gneiss and their main minerals were obtained by batch sorption experiments and the diffusion of cesium was studied in rock cubes. The results were modelled with PHREEQC and Comsol Multiphysics. The distribution coefficients of cesium were largest in biotite and veined gneiss. The effective diffusion coefficients of cesium from the diffusion model were 3 × 10−13 m2 s−1 for veined gneiss and 4 × 10−13 m2 s−1 for pegmatitic granite.
相似文献113.
Ralf Nrenberg Jürgen Klingler Dieter Horn 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1999,38(11):1626-1629
Polymer–surfactant interactions are operative in a variety of industrial processes and important consumer products. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is a powerful method for investigating the complex formation and was used to study the well-known reference system involving the aggregation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (█) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (█) in the presence of a fluorescence-marked sodium decylsulfate probe (█, see picture). CT=surfactant concentration, dfl=hydrodynamic size of the probe. 相似文献
114.
115.
Tanay Kesharwani Cory Kornman Amanda Tonnaer Amanda Hayes Seoyoung Kim Nikesh Dahal Ralf Romero Andrew Royappa 《Tetrahedron》2018,74(24):2973-2984
A convenient methodology for the synthesis of mono- and di-halogenated benzo[b]thiophenes is described herein, which utilizes copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate and various sodium halides in the presence of substituted 2-alkynylthioanisoles. The proposed method is facile, uses ethanol as a green solvent, and results in uniquely substituted benzo[b]thiophene structures with isolated yields up to 96%. The most useful component of this methodology is the selective introduction of bromine atoms at every available position (2–7) around the benzo[b]thiophene ring, while keeping position 3 occupied by a specific halogen atom such as Cl, Br or I. Aromatic halogens are useful reactive handles; therefore, the selective introduction of halogens at specific positions would be valuable in the targeted synthesis of bioactive molecules and complex organic materials via metal-catalyzed cross coupling reactions. This work is a novel approach towards the synthesis of dihalo substituted benzo[b]thiophene core structures, which provides a superior alternative to the current methods discussed herein. 相似文献
116.
Patricia Dähmlow Torsten Trittel Kathrin May Kirsten Harth Ralf Stannarius 《Liquid crystals》2018,45(7):993-1003
Elongated freely floating smectic bubbles are observed during their relaxation to equilibrium sphere shape. Unlike soap bubbles that perform weakly damped oscillations into equilibrium, this relaxation is overdamped in smectics by internal structure reorganisation processes. The bubble area reduction of centimetre-sized freely floating bubbles with few nanometres film thickness is recorded with high-speed optical imaging in microgravity and analysed quantitatively. We find a nearly linear reduction of the film area with time, driven by capillary forces and inhibited by smectic layer reorganisations. Characteristic times are in the milliseconds range, with little correlation to the film thickness and bubble size. Instead, the homogeneity of the films and the number and sizes of islands of excess layers that spontaneously form on the films appear to have crucial influence on the dynamics. The efficiency of this process sets the time scale of the film area shrinkage. We discuss the limitations of a minimalistic model that captures smectic layer reorganisation processes. 相似文献
117.
Viktor Reshetnikov Steffen Daum Dr. Christina Janko Weronika Karawacka Dr. Rainer Tietze Prof. Dr. Christoph Alexiou Dr. Solomiya Paryzhak Dr. Tetiana Dumych Prof. Dr. Rostyslav Bilyy Dr. Philipp Tripal Dr. Benjamin Schmid Dr. Ralf Palmisano Prof. Dr. Andriy Mokhir 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2018,57(37):11943-11946
Mitochondrial membrane potential is more negative in cancer cells than in normal cells, allowing cancer targeting by delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs). However, as the difference is rather small, these drugs affect also normal cells. Now a concept of pro‐DLCs is proposed based on an N‐alkylaminoferrocene structure. These prodrugs are activated by the reaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS) forming ferrocenium‐based DLCs. Since ROS are overproduced in cancer, the high‐efficiency cancer‐cell‐specific targeting of mitochondria could be achieved as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy in combination with two fluorogenic pro‐DLCs in vitro and in vivo. We prepared a conjugate of another pro‐DLC with a clinically approved drug carboplatin and confirmed that its accumulation in mitochondria was higher than that of the free drug. This was reflected in the substantially higher anticancer effect of the conjugate. 相似文献
118.
The compound [K([2.2.2]crypt)]Cs7[Sn9]2(en)3 ( 1 ) was synthesized from an alloy of formal composition KCs2Sn9 by dissolving in ethylenediamine (en) followed by the addition of [2.2.2]crypt and toluene. 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pcca with a = 45.38(2), b = 9.092(4), c = 18.459(8) Å, and Z = 4. The structure consists of Cs7[Sn9]2 layers which contain [Sn9]4– anions and Cs+ cations. The layers are separated by [K([2.2.2]crypt)]+ units. In the intermetallic slab (Cs7[Sn9]2)– compares the arrangement of pairs of symmetry‐related [Sn9]4– anions with the dimer ([Ge9]–[Ge9])6– in [K([2.2.2]crypt)]2Cs4([Ge9]–[Ge9]), in which the clusters are linked by a cluster‐exo bond. The shortest distance between atoms of such two clusters in 1 is 4.762 Å, e. g. there are no exo Sn‐Sn bonds. The [Sn9]4– anion has almost perfect C4v‐symmetry. 相似文献
119.
120.
The new ternary compounds Rb4Ti3S14, Cs4Zr3S14, K4Hf3Se14, and K4ZrHf2Se14 were prepared by reacting the respective transition metals in alkali metal polychalcogenide melts. Two crystallographically independent transition metal cations are present that are coordinated by eight chalcogen atoms (Q) in an irregular fashion or by seven chalcogen atoms yielding a distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The M(1)Q8 and M(2)Q7 polyhedra are connected by sharing common edges or trigonal faces leading to the formation of infinite linear one‐dimensional anionic chains running parallel to the [101] direction. The chains are separated by alkali metal cations. The optical band gaps determined are 1.59 eV for Rb4Ti3S14, 2.35 eV for Cs4Zr3S14, and 2.02 eV for K4Hf3Se14. In‐situ X‐ray powder diffractometry demonstrates that Rb4Ti3S14 decomposes at 430 °C into Rb2S5 and TiS. During the cooling cycle the re‐formation of the polysulfide is observed. According to this result the polysulfide could be prepared using TiS instead of metallic Ti as well. 相似文献