Possibilities for gamma-ray stimulated emissionexperiments

We show that gamma-ray stimulated emission experiments are comparatively easy and inexpensive. The registration of a double- (N_2γ/N_γ) and a triple-energy peak (N_3γ/N_γ) is possible and the relation between their intensities permits the calculation of the recoilles factor f_s (stimulated) and making a conclusion about constructing a working gamma-ray laser. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

AUTOMATED WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS

It is common practice in power transmission to use bundled overhead electrical conductors because the lower rate of corona discharge, compared with single conductors, makes the bundle attractive for high voltages. However, secondary problems may arise from the vibrations induced by the aerodynamic forces which act on the leeward conductors as a result of their immersion in the wake of a windward conductor. Thus, in addition to possible aeolian and galloping oscillations observed for a single conductor, bundle conductors may also be subjected to wake-induced oscillations. ^1,2 Although extensive research has been done on the aeroelastic behavior of single and bundled conductors which are bare, little is known about the galloping or wake oscillation characteristics of given bundle conductors which, depending upon the environmental conditions during the formation of ice, may have five or so representative shaped cross-sections. One important task involves the aerodynamic quasi-static force and moment measurements in a wind tunnel using full scale conductor cross-sections each of which must be rotated through many angles at different spacings. Such measurements are repetitive as well as tediously time consuming and, hence, are beneficially automated. A reliable, accurate and inexpensive automated apparatus is described in this paper which permits the aerodynamic measurements to be performed efficiently and without intervention. Most importantly, it relieves the operator of the usual responsibility for manually controlling the separation and orientation of the sections as well as the need to manually compensate fluctuations in the free stream air speed. For simplicity, the apparatus is detailed in the context of a twin bundle conductor.     

Spreading of a smectic A liquid crystal on a rotating disc

We describe the dynamics of spreading of a smectic A liquid crystal deposited on a rotating disc. We show the existence of several regimes according to the film thickness. If it is thick enough, the thinning is controlled by bulk permeation; at intermediate thicknesses the surface dissipation dominates, whereas viscous effects begin to be felt only at very small thickness.     

The oxidation of 3,3′-dimethoxy benzidine with potassium bromate in acidic solutions

The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine (oda, o-dianisidine) by potassium bromate in aqueous acidic medium were studied by monitoring the formation rate of the reaction product, 3,3′-dimethoxy 4,4′-diphenoquinone at 447 nm. The reaction is, first order with respect to both the substrate and oxidant, and second order with respect to H⁺. The oda: bromate stoichiometric ratio is 1:1. Plausible mechanism and rate laws are proposed accounting the experimental findings. Computer simulations were done using the proposed mechanism.     

Intramolecular motion and isotope effects in muonium‐substituted chloroalkyl radicals

Muon irradiation of pure liquid 3‐chloropropene, CH₂=CH-CH₂Cl, yields a primary radical, \dot\mboxCH₂-CHMu-CH₂Cl, and a secondary radical, MuCH₂-\rm\dot\mboxCH-CH₂Cl. 2‐methyl‐3‐chloropropene yields only the tertiary radical, MuCH₂-\rm\dot\mboxC(CH₃)-CH₂Cl. These three chloroalkyl radicals have been characterized by μSR and μLCR, and the hyperfine coupling constants (hfcs) have been determined over a range of temperatures, either in the pure liquid precursor or in concentrated solution. The temperature variation of the hfcs has been analyzed to obtain estimates of the barrier to internal rotation about the C_\alpha-C_\beta axis for various alkyl groups, and also their minimum energy conformations, i.e. their orientations with respect to the axis of the 2p_z orbital of the unpaired electron. The tertiary radical is particularly interesting because all three methyl‐like groups, -CH₃,-CH₂Cl and -CH₂Mu, are represented. The results can be compared to electron spin resonance data for analogous radicals, to provide information on the effects of Mu substitution for H. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fluorescence anisotropy of acridinedione dyes in glycerol: Prolate model of ellipsoid

Time-dependent reorientations of resorcinol-based acridinidione (ADR) dyes in glycerol were studied using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies. The difference between fluorescence anisotropy decays recorded at 460 nm when exciting at 250 nm and those obtained when exciting at 394 nm are reported. When exciting at 394 nm, the fluorescence anisotropy decay is bi-exponential, while on exciting at 250 nm a mono-exponential fluorescence anisotropy decay is observed. We interpret this in terms of different directions of the absorption dipole at 394 and 250 nm with the emission dipole respectively, which is experimentally validated and further analysed as a prolate model of ellipsoid.     

Spectroscopic investigation of 4f correlations in CeAg; comparison between LDA and many-body descriptions

High resolution photoemission and bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy experiments have been carried out on CeAg and LaAg. From a comparison between these two compounds, we extract the cerium 4f spectral function, we compare it with band structure calculations and with many-body model simulations based on the single-impurity Anderson Hamiltonian. We show that the localized 4f charge estimated from previous band structure calculations cannot be identified with the 4f occupation number deduced from the Anderson model.     

The X-ray diffraction crystal structure determination and electron impact fragmentations of the gaseous ions of 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-methyltriazene-1-oxide and its 3-methyl derivative

The decomposition of the gaseous positive ions of the title compounds obtained by electron impact have been completely mapped. The X-ray structural determinations of these two substances established their identity definitively and allowed to reveal some interesting features of these molecules of pharmaceutical interest.     

Motion of a chain of bubbles in a vertical channel with a viscous fluid

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 3, pp. 87–91, May–June, 1991.     

Commutative semigroup cohomology

Triple cohomology for commutative semigroups is described in concrete terms and related to existing extensions.