Synthesis,biological activities and molecular docking simulation of hydrazone scaffolds of carvacrol,thymol and eugenol

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In present work, we report the synthesis of 12 new hydrazones and sulfonyl hydrazones linkage containing carvacrol, thymol and eugenol derivatives by simple...     

Chemical and biological diversity in fourteen selections of four Ocimum species

Biomass, essential oil yield, essential oil composition diversity, and antibacterial and antifungal activities of 14 selections of 4 Ocimum species [Ocimum basilicum L. (selections: T1-T10), O. gratissimum L. (selections: T11-T12), O. tenuiflorum L.f., syn. O. sanctum L. (selection: T13) and O. kilimandscharicum Baker ex. Guerke (selection: T14)] were investigated. O. basilicum selections T9 (methyl chavicol: 87.0%) and T10 {(Z)- and (E)-methyl cinnamate: 69.1%} produced higher biomass (67.8 and 56.7 t/ha) and oil (203.4 and 141.7 kg/ha) yields relative to 8 (T1-T8) linalool (up to 58.9%), or methyl chavicol (up to 61.8%) rich selections. O. gratissimum selection T12 (eugenol: 84.1%, 254.6 kg/ha oil yield) was significantly superior to T11 (62.1% eugenol and 18.4% camphor). O. tenuiflorum (T13, methyl eugenol: 72.5%) and O. kilimandscharicum (T14, camphor: 51.7%) produced 171.7 and 96.2 kg/ha essential oil, respectively. The essential oils exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial (against 5 Gram-positive and 7 Gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal (against 10 fungi) activities. The bacterial species Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungal species Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum, and Sporothrix schenckii were more sensitive to the essential oils.     

Maximally Entangled States of a Two-Qubit System

Entanglement has been explored as one of the key resources required for quantum computation, the functional dependence of the entanglement measures on spin correlation functions has been established, correspondence between evolution of maximally entangled states (MES) of two-qubit system and representation of SU(2) group has been worked out and the evolution of MES under a rotating magnetic field has been investigated. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the general two-qubit state to be maximally entangled state (MES) have been obtained and a new set of MES constituting a very powerful and reliable eigen basis (different from magic bases) of two-qubit systems has been constructed. In terms of the MES constituting this basis, Bell’s States have been generated and all the qubits of two-qubit system have been obtained. It has shown that a MES corresponds to a point in the SO(3) sphere and an evolution of MES corresponds to a trajectory connecting two points on this sphere. Analysing the evolution of MES under a rotating magnetic field, it has been demonstrated that a rotating magnetic field is equivalent to a three dimensional rotation in real space leading to the evolution of a MES.     

Dual Superconductivity in Restricted Chromo-Dynamics (RCD)

Characterizing the dyonically condensed vacuum by the presence of two massive modes (one determining how fast the perturbative vacuum around a colour source reaches the condensation and the other giving the penetration length of colored flux), it has been shown that due to the dynamical breaking of magnetic symmetry the vacuum of RCD acquires the properties similar to those of relativistic superconductor. Originally present global SU(2) symmetry in RCD has been broken to U(1) reducing the four dimensional action to two dimensional one by using an Ansatz which incorporates a non-trivial coordinate dependent phase between the components of SU(2) doublet. Analyzing the behaviour of dyons around RCD string, the solutions of classical field equations have been obtained and it has been shown that magnetic constituent of dyonic current is zero at centre of the string and also at the points far away from the string. The conditions for this current to be maximum at a transverse distance from the string have also been obtained.     

Investigations of the first order magnetic phase transition in dysprosium

The first order magnetic phase transition in polycrystalline sample of dysprosium (Dy) has been investigated in detail by dc-resistance vs. temperature (R-T) measurements. Distinct signature of coexistence of two magnetically ordered phases (i.e. ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic), originating as a result of the metastable behavior associated with the first order phase transition (FOPT) is found near 90 K. By successfully recording the minor hysteresis loops within the hysteretic R-T regime of Dy, a varying degree of phase coexistence in the FOPT is demonstrated.     

Angular Momentum Operator and Fermion-Pair Creation for Non-Abelian Fields

We study the extended structure of non-Abelian dyons, the generalized electromagnetic field and the resulting residual angular momentum in the interior as well as exterior regions of the dyon, and it has been demonstrated that at the dyonic centre there exists no well-defined U(1) charge symmetry and the density of residual angular momentum becomes infinity. The mechanism of creation of a fermionic pair at the dyonic core involving the extremely high density of residual angular momentum has been developed, which leads to baryon-number nonconservation in the presence of non-Abelian dyons. The fermion-number–breaking amplitudes in the presence of a non-Abelian dyon have been analyzed and are not suppressed by exp(– const/e ²). Further, the relevant properties of left-handed fermions in a non-Abelian field has been summarized and the zeroth-order approximation is described. Within this approximation the density of the fermion-number–breaking condensate is found to be O(1), i.e. to be independent of the coupling constant and of the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field.     

Color Superconductivity in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

The studies of superconductivity, dual superconductivity and color superconductivity have been undertaken through the breaking of supersymmetric gauge theories which automatically incorporate the condensation of monopoles and dyons leading to confining and superconducting phases. Constructing the total effective Lagrangian of N=2 SU(2) gauge theory with N _f =2 quark multiplets and quark chemical potential at classical and quantum levels, it has been demonstrated that baryon number symmetry is spontaneously broken as a consequence of the SU(2) strong gauge dynamics and the color superconductivity dynamically takes space at the non-SUSY vacuum.     

Absolute efficiency calibration of high-purity germanium detector in the range 120–8500 keV

This article reports the efficiency response curve of the high-purity germanium detector over the wide energy range, covering from 120 to 8500 keV. The efficiencies were measured for different counting geometries by using point radionuclide standards (mono-energetic as well as multi-gamma emitters) supplied by IAEA and the capture gamma-ray facility installed at PINSTECH nuclear reactor PARR-1. The measured efficiencies were required to fit with a suitable fitting function for interpolation within the energy range of interest. Several fitting functions were proposed in the literature covering different energy ranges. The functions giving the best fit to experimental data are presented. The work has successfully extended the response curve beyond 1500–8500 keV, which is the region where the standard calibration radionuclides are not available. The thermal neutron capture gamma-ray facility provided the collimated neutron beam, extracted from the core of the reactor and made to react with ammonium chloride target to produce the capture gamma rays for determining the efficiencies in the extended region. It was found that the capture gamma-ray provides a satisfactory solution to extend the absolute efficiency calibration in the MeV range. It was also found that the fitting function that is linear in its parameter was highly satisfactory up to 1500 keV but proved insufficient upto 8500 keV. The exponential function giving the good fit over the range has been presented. Good agreement has been found between the experimentally measured absolute efficiencies and the predicted result.     

Inter-dot coupling effects on transport through correlated parallel coupled quantum dots

Transport through symmetric parallel coupled quantum dot system has been studied, using non-equilibrium Green function formalism. The inter-dot tunnelling with on-dot and inter-dot Coulomb repulsion is included. The transmission coefficient and Landaur-Buttiker like current formula are shown in terms of internal states of quantum dots. The effect of inter-dot tunnelling on transport properties has been explored. Results, in intermediate inter-dot coupling regime show signatures of merger of two dots to form a single composite dot and in strong coupling regime the behaviour of the system resembles the two decoupled dots.      

An efficient synthesis of rearranged new biologically active benzimidazoles derived from 2-formyl carvacrol

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A new series of benzimidazole derivatives was synthesized by one-pot two-step reaction as a result of unexpected rearrangement during reaction of 2-formyl...