Temperature-Dependent Current–Voltage (I–V) and Capacitance–Voltage (C–V) Characteristics of Ni/Cu/n-InP Schottky Barrier Diodes

The current-voltage (I–V) and capacitance-voltage (C–V) characteristics of Ni/Cu/n-InP Schottky barrier diodes are studied over a wide temperature range, from 210 K to 420 K. The I–V characteristics display anomalous thermal behavior. The apparent barrier height decays, and the ideality factor grows at low temperatures, and the series resistances resulting from Cheung’s and Norde’s procedures are markedly temperature dependent. The nonlinearity of the Richardson plot and the strong temperature dependence of the Schottky-barrier parameters indicate that the interface is spatially inhomogeneous. Plots of the zero-bias barrier height as a function of 1/(2kT) points to a Gaussian distribution of barrier heights with 0.90 eV mean height and 0.014 eV standard deviation. When this distribution is accounted for, a Richardson of 6.5 A/(cm K)² results, relatively close to the 9.4/(cm K)² predicted by theory. We conclude that, combined with a Gaussian distribution of barrier heights, the thermionic-emission mechanism explains the temperature-dependent I–V and C–V characteristics of the studied Schottky-barrier diodes.     

Local sum uncertainty relations for angular momentum operators of bipartite permutation symmetric systems

We show that violation of the variance based local sum uncertainty relation (LSUR) for angular momentum operators of a bipartite system, proposed by Hofmann and Takeuchi [Phys. Rev. A 68 032103 (2003)], reflects entanglement in the equal bipartitions of an N-qubit symmetric state with even qubits. We establish the one-to-one connection with the violation of LSUR with negativity of covariance matrix [Phys. Lett. A 364 203 (2007)] of the two-qubit reduced system of a permutation symmetric N-qubit state.     

1,7,9,10-Tetrasubstituted PMIs Accessible through Decarboxylative Bromination: Synthesis,Characterization, Photophysical Studies,and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis

In this work, we present a new synthetic strategy for fourfold-substituted perylene monoimides via tetrabrominated perylene monoanhydrides. X-ray diffraction analysis unveiled the intramolecular stacking orientation between the substituents and semicircular packing behavior. We observed the remarkable influence of the substituent on the longevity and nature of the excited state upon visible light excitation. In the presence of poly(dehydroalanine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) graft copolymers as solubilizing template, the chromophores are capable of sensitizing [Mo₃S₁₃]²⁻ clusters in aqueous solution for stable visible light driven hydrogen evolution over three days.     

Ultrasonic Investigations in Ternary Mixtures Containing Water, 2-Butoxyethanol and <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis>-Butanol at 298.15 K

Ultrasonic speeds in, and isentropic compressibilities of, aqueous solutions of water + 2-butoxyethanol (2BE)+t-butanol have been determined at 298.15 K. The concentrations of t-butanol at which the ultrasonic speed becomes maximum and isentropic compressibility becomes minimum are found to decrease with increases in the concentration of 2BE, x _2BE, in the cosolvent (aqueous 2BE). This behavior indicates that the aqueous ternary solutions are less structured than aqueous t-butanol. In the presence of 2-butoxyethanol, enhancement in the hydrogen bonded structure of water due to hydrophobic hydration between t-butanol and water molecules decreases as the concentration of x _2BE in the cosolvent increases. When x _2BE>0.2, the ternary solution behaves like a normal liquid. This behavior is also very well reflected in the concentration dependence of the excess ultrasonic speed and excess isentropic compressibility. The optimum concentrations of t-butanol, ($x_{\mathrm{t}\mbox{-}\mathrm{B}}$x_{\mathrm{t}\mbox{-}\mathrm{B}})_opt, at which extrema in ultrasonic speed, isentropic compressibility, excess ultrasonic speed and excess isentropic compressibility are observed decrease with increase in x _2BE in the cosolvent. The results are explained as being due to a reduction in the strength of hydrophobic interactions responsible for enhancement in the structure of water in aqueous t-butanol in the presence 2BE. Beyond (x_t-Bx_{\mathrm{t}\mbox{-}\mathrm{B}})_opt, the hydrogen bonded network of water collapses and water, 2-butoxyethanol and t-butanol molecules interact with each other as normal liquid molecules.     

Network delay inference from additive metrics

We use computational phylogenetic techniques to solve a central problem in inferential network monitoring. More precisely, we design a novel algorithm for multicast‐based delay inference, that is, the problem of reconstructing delay characteristics of a network from end‐to‐end delay measurements on network paths. Our inference algorithm is based on additive metric techniques used in phylogenetics. It runs in polynomial time and requires a sample of size only poly(log n). We also show how to recover the topology of the routing tree. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010     

Stabilized mixed three‐field formulation for a generalized incompressible Oldroyd‐B model

This paper presents a generalization of the incompressible Oldroyd‐B model based on a thermodynamic framework within which the fluid can be viewed to exist in multiple natural configurations. The response of the fluid is viewed as a combination of an elastic component and a dissipative component. The dissipative component leads to the evolution of the underlying natural configurations, while the response from the natural configuration to the current configuration is considered elastic and therefore non‐dissipative. For an incompressible fluid, it is necessary that both the elastic behavior as well as the dissipative behavior is isochoric. This is achieved by ensuring that the determinant of the stretch tensor associated with the elastic response meets the constraint that its determinant is unity. A new stabilized mixed method is developed for the velocity, pressure and the kinematic tensor fields. Analytical models for fine scale fields are derived via the solution of the fine‐scale equations facilitated by the Variational Multiscale framework that are then variationally embedded in the coarse‐scale variational equations. The resulting method inherits the attributes of the classical SUPG and GLS methods, while a significant new contribution is that the form of the stabilization tensors is explicitly derived. A family of linear and quadratic tetrahedral and hexahedral elements is developed with equal‐order interpolations for the various fields. Numerical tests are presented that validate the incompressibility of the elastic stretch tensor, show optimal L₂ convergence for the conformation tensor field, and present stable response for high Weissenberg number flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Tetracyclo[6.3.0.04,11.05,9]undecane-2,7-dione

The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group, , witha=6.7702(4),b=7.0180(4),c=9.1960(7) Å, =92.457(6), =96.150(6), =93.444(5)°, andZ=2. The structure contains a rather short intramolecular H...H contact of 2.26(4) Å.     

Highly Sensitive Optical Biosensor for Thrombin Based on Structure Switching Aptamer-Luminescent Silica Nanoparticles

We describe here the construction of a sensitive and selective optical sensor system for the detection of human α-thrombin. The surface functionalized luminescent [Ru(dpsphen)₃]^4? (dpsphen-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline disulfonate) ion doped silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) with a size ~70 nm have been prepared. The DABCYL (2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)diazenyl-benzoic acid) quencher labeled thrombin binding aptamer is conjugated to the surface of SiNPs using BS³ (bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate) as a cross-linker, resulting in the conformational change of aptamer to form G-quadruplex structure upon the addition of thrombin. The binding event is translated into a change in the luminescence intensity of Ru(II) complex via FRET mechanism, due to the close proximity of DABCYL quencher with SiNPs. The selective detection of thrombin using the SiNPs-aptamer system up to 4 nM is confirmed by comparing its sensitivity towards other proteins. This work demonstrates the application of simple aptamer-SiNPs conjugate as a highly sensitive system for the detection of thrombin and also it is highly sensitive towards thrombin in the presence of other proteins and complex medium such as BSA.