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21.
Alves GA Amato S Anjos JC Appel JA Astorga J Bracker SB Cremaldi LM Darling CL Dixon RL Errede D Fenker HC Gay C Green DR Halling AM Jedicke R Karchin PE Kwan S Leuking LH Mantsch PM de Mello Neto JR Metheny J Milburn RH de Miranda JM da Motta Filho H Napier A Passmore D Rafatian A dos Reis AC Ross WR Santoro AF Sheaff M Souza MH Spalding WJ Stoughton C Streetman ME Summers DJ Takach SF Wallace A Wu Z 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1994,49(9):R4317-R4320
22.
Alves GA Amato S Anjos JC Appel JA Astorga J Bracker SB Cremaldi LM Dagenhart WD Darling CL Dixon RL Errede D Fenker HC Gay C Green DR Jedicke R Karchin PE Kennedy C Kwan S Lueking LH de Mello Neto JR Metheny J Milburn RH de Miranda JM da Motta Filho H Napier A Passmore D Rafatian A dos Reis AC Ross WR Santoro AF Sheaff M Souza MH Spalding WJ Stoughton C Streetman ME Summers DJ Takach SF Wallace A Wu Z 《Physical review letters》1996,77(12):2388-2391
23.
24.
The present work describes a selective, rapid and economical method for the determination of cobalt using the 2-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-p-cresol (BTAC) as a spectrophotometric reagent associated with a solid extraction on polyurethane foam. The BTAC reacts with Co(II) in the presence of Triton-X100 surfactant forming a green complex with maximum absorption at 615 nm. The reaction is used for cobalt determination within a pH range of 6.50-7.50, with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.62 x 10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1). Beer's Law is obeyed for a concentration of at least 1.60 microg ml(-1). A selective procedure is proposed for cobalt determination in the presence of Fe(II), Hg(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) up to milligram levels using masking agents. Polyurethane foam is used for the preconcentration and separation of cobalt from thiocyanate media and this procedure is applied to its determination in nickel salts and steel alloys. 相似文献
25.
26.
Alves GA Amato S Anjos JC Appel JA Bracker SB Cremaldi LM Darling CL Dixon RL Errede D Fenker HC Gay C Green DR Jedicke R Kaplan D Karchin PE Kwan S Leedom I Lueking LH Luste GJ Mantsch PM de Mello Neto JR Metheny J Milburn RH de Miranda JM da Motta Filho H Napier A Rafatian A dos Reis AC Reucroft S Ross WR Santoro AF Sheaff M Souza MH Spalding WJ Stoughton C Streetman ME Summers DJ Takach SF Wu Z 《Physical review letters》1993,70(6):722-725
27.
Jean-Manuel Raimundo Philippe Blanchard Nuria Gallego-Planas Nicolas Mercier Isabelle Ledoux-Rak Rolland Hierle Jean Roncali 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2002,67(1):205-218
Two series of push-pull chromophores built around thiophene-based pi-conjugating spacers rigidified either by covalent bonds or by noncovalent intramolecular interactions have been synthesized and characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) and differential scanning calorimetry. Comparison of the linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties of chromophores based on a covalently bridged dithienylethylene (DTE) spacer with those of their analogues based on open chain DTE shows that the rigidification of the spacer produces a considerable bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum together with a dramatic enhancement of the molecular quadratic hyperpolarizability (mu beta) which reaches values among the highest reported so far. A second series of NLO-phores has been derived from a 2,2'-bi(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (BEDOT) pi-conjugating spacer. As indicated by X-ray and UV-vis data, rigidification of the spacer originates in that case, from noncovalent intramolecular interactions between sulfur and oxygen atoms. Again, comparison with the parent compounds based on an unsubstituted bithiophene spacer reveals a marked red shift of the absorption maximum and a large enhancement of mu beta. In an attempt to distinguish the contribution of the electronic and geometrical effects of the ethylenedioxy group, a third series of NLO-phores based on 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and 3,4-dihexyloxythiophene spacers has been synthesized. Comparison with compounds based on unsubstituted thiophene shows that, despite a red shift of lambda(max), introduction of alkoxy groups leads to a decrease of mu beta. Theoretical calculations indicate that this effect results from a decrease of the dipole moment (mu) caused by the auxiliary electron-donor alkoxy groups on the thiophene ring. In contrast, replacement of BT by BEDOT produces an increase of mu, which associated with the noncovalent rigidification of the BT system accounts for the observed enhancement of mu beta. 相似文献
28.
Filho HP 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2004,60(11):2627-2633
The polar tensors of cis and trans-1,2-difluoroethylenes have been determined with new normal modes based in a reassignment of nu(7) and nu(12) bands of the trans isomers and frequency values corrected for Fermi resonances and phase shifts. The signs of the dipole moment derivatives (and its directions, for B(u) symmetry species) were considered to be those of MP2/6-31G** estimates. Root mean square errors calculated for the new tensor element values from each pair of isotopomers (trans-1,2-C(2)H(2)F(2)/trans-1,2-C(2)D(2)F(2) and cis-1,2-C(2)H(2)F(2)/cis-1,2-C(2)D(2)F(2)) show that the new polar tensor sets fit the isotopic invariance criterion better than previously reported sets. The accuracy of polar tensor transference procedures was tested by calculating the infrared intensities of trans-1,2-C(2)H(2)F(2) through the new polar tensors of the cis isomer. The resulting estimates are very accurate and also support the new band assignment, though the A(6) intensity remains still somewhat underestimated. 相似文献
29.
Laura M. Bruno José L. de Lima Filho Eduardo H. de M. Melo Heizir F. de Castro 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2004,113(1-3):189-199
Mucor miehei lipase was immobilized on magnetic polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol particles by covalent binding with high activity recovered.
The performance of the resulting immobilized biocatalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of flavor esters using heptane as
solvent. The impact on reaction rate was determined for enzyme concentration, molar ratio of the reactants, carbon chain length
of the reactants, and alcohol structure. Ester synthesis was maximized for substrates containing excess acyl donor and lipase
loading of 25 mg/mL. The biocatalyst selectivity for the carbon chain length was found to be different concerning the organic
acids and alcohols. High reaction rates were achieved for organic acids with 8 or 10 carbons, whereas increasing the alcohol
carbon chain length from 4 to 8 carbons gave much lower esterification yields. Optimal reaction rate was determined for the
synthesis of butyl caprylate (12 carbons). Esterification performance was also dependent on the alcohol structure, with maximum
activity occurring for primary alcohol. Secondary and tertiary alcohols decreased the reaction rates by more than 40%. 相似文献
30.
G Bannach E Schnitzler O Treu
Filho V H S Utuni M Ionashiro 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,83(1):233-240
Solid-state
compounds of general formula LnL3⋅nH2O,
where Ln represents heavier lanthanides
and yttrium and L is 2-chlorobenzylidenepyruvate,
have been synthesized. Chemical analysis, simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential
analysis (TG-DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry,
elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy have been employed to characterize
and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds in dynamic air atmosphere.
On heating these compounds
decompose in four (Gd, Tb, Ho to Lu, Y) or five (Eu, Dy) steps. They lose
the hydration water in the first step and the thermal decomposition of the
anhydrous compounds up to 1200°C occurs with the formation of the respective
oxide, Tb4O7 and Ln2O3
(Ln=Eu, Gd, Dy to Lu and Y) as final residue.
The dehydration enthalpies found for these compounds (Eu, to Lu and Y) were:
65.77, 55.63, 86.89, 121.65, 99.80, 109.59, 131.02, 119.78, 205.46 and 83.11
kJ mol-1, respectively. 相似文献