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991.
992.
We determine the quark distributions and structure functions for both unpolarized and polarized DIS of leptons on nucleons and nuclei. The scalar and vector mean fields in the nucleus modify the motions of the quarks inside the nucleons. By taking into account this medium modification, we are able to reproduce the experimental data on the unpolarized EMC effect, and to make predictions for the polarized EMC effect. We discuss examples of nuclei where the polarized EMC effect could be measured. We finally present an extension of our model to describe fragmentation functions. 相似文献
993.
Arben Merkoçi Majlinda Vasjari Esteve Fàbregas Salvador Alegret 《Mikrochimica acta》2000,135(1-2):29-33
Two different approaches for the modification of glassy carbon electrodes using a mercury film and mercury-nafion are compared.
The mixture of mercury(II) chloride solution with a nafion solution diluted in ethanol is used to coat the polished glassy
carbon surface. The modified working electrodes are compared when measuring Pb and Cu in real seawater samples. An optimisation
of the parameters during the formation of the films was done to obtain well-defined stripping peaks. The type of inert supporting
electrolyte and the pH play an important role on the sensitivity of the measurement. Results for Pb and Cu determinations
show the advantages of Hg-nafion modification as an alternative method. These advantages include a shorter modification time,
the avoidance of Hg solutions during the formation of the Hg film and an improved sensitivity for Pb determination.
Received March 16, 1999. Revision April 24, 2000. 相似文献
994.
Uroš Grošelj Dieter Seebach D. Michael Badine W. Bernd Schweizer Albert K. Beck Ingo Krossing Petra Klose Yujiro Hayashi Tadafumi Uchimaru 《Helvetica chimica acta》2009,92(7):1225-1259
Structures of the reactive intermediates (enamines and iminium ions) of organocatalysis with diarylprolinol derivatives have been determined. To this end, diarylprolinol methyl and silyl ethers, 1 , and aldehydes, Ph? CH2? CHO, tBu? CH2? CHO, Ph? CH=CH? CHO, are condensed to the corresponding enamines, A and 3 (Scheme 2), and cinnamoylidene iminium salts, B and 4 (Scheme 3). These are isolated and fully characterized by melting/decomposition points, [α]D, elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). Salts with BF4, PF6, SbF6, and the weakly coordinating Al[OC(CF3)3]4 anion were prepared. X‐Ray crystal structures of an enamine and of six iminium salts have been obtained and are described herein (Figs. 2 and 4–8, and Tables 2 and 7) and in a previous preliminary communication (Helv. Chim. Acta 2008 , 91, 1999). According to the NMR spectra (in CDCl3, (D6)DMSO, (D6)acetone, or CD3OD; Table 1), the major isomers 4 of the iminium salts have (E)‐configuration of the exocyclic N?C(1′) bond, but there are up to 11% of the (Z)‐isomer present in these solutions (Fig. 1). In all crystal structures, the iminium ions have (E)‐configuration, and the conformation around the exocyclic N‐C? C‐O bond is synclinal‐exo (cf. C and L ), with one of the phenyl groups over the pyrrolidine ring, and the RO group over the π‐system. One of the meta‐substituents (Me in 4b , CF3 in 4c and 4e ) on a 3,5‐disubstituted phenyl group is also located in the space above the π‐system. DFT Calculations at various levels of theory (Tables 3–6) confirm that the experimentally determined structures (cf. Fig. 10) are by far (up to 8.3 kcal/mol) the most stable ones. Implications of the results with respect to the mechanism of organocatalysis by diarylprolinol derivatives are discussed. 相似文献
995.
996.
Summary The aim of our study was to monitor Cyclosporine A (CA) during a long-term period and to determine whether the whole-blood
levels, estimated by HPLC and radio-immunoassay (RIA), provide a relevant indicator of the toxic effect of CA, of the interference
of endogenous substances with CA and of interactions of erythromycin and ketoconazole with CA metabolims. The ratios of CA
concentrations, estimated by RIA and by HPLC were calculated in order to analyse changes in CA metabolism. A decrease in this
ratio was observed in these patients during periods of erythromycin and ketoconazole therapy deteriorating hepatic function.
We observed unusual higher CA concentrations measured by HPLC compared with RIA in heart transplant patient with marked renal
insiffuciency after one-year follow-up period of treatment of CA. The comparison of CA whole-blood levels estimated using
HPLC and RIA makes it possible to analyse the individual biotransformation of CA to its metabolites, and interference of endogenous
substance in special clinical situations. 相似文献
997.
Changes of the radioactive decay rate of71Ge (T 1/2=11.43 days) have been studied experimentally for71Ge in some compounds of bivalent and quadrivalent germanium. Relative changes Δλ/λ of the electron capture probability have been measured, and the chemical changes Δρ(0) of the electron density at the germanium nuclei have been determined from these measurements. Values for the Mössbauer isomer shift calibration constants for the 67 keV γ-transition of73Ge have been estimated:C=δ/Δρ(0)=(0.061±0.020) mm·s?1/a.u., Δ〈r 2〉=(21±7)·10?3 fm2, ΔR/R=(6.9±2.3)·10?4. 相似文献
998.
We develop a finite-difference scheme for approximation of a system of nonlinear PDEs describing the Q-switching process.
We construct it by using staggered grids. The transport equations are approximated along characteristics, and quadratic nonlinear
functions are linearized using a special selection of staggered grids. The stability analysis proves that a connection between
time and space steps arises only due to approximation requirements in order to follow exactly the directions of characteristics.
The convergence analysis of this scheme is done in two steps. First, some estimates of the uniform boundedness of the discrete
solution are proved. This part of the analysis is done locally, in some neighborhood of the exact solution. Second, on the
basis of the obtained estimates, the main stability inequality is proved. The second-order convergence rate with respect to
the space and time coordinates follows from this stability estimate. Using the obtained convergence result, we prove that
the local stability analysis in the selected neighborhood of the exact solution is sufficient. 相似文献
999.
Dirac cohomology is a new tool to study representations
of semisimple Lie groups and Lie algebras. The aim
of this paper is to define a Dirac operator for a
Lie superalgebra of Riemannian type and show that
this Dirac operator has similar nature as the one
for semisimple Lie algebras. As a consequence, we
show how to determine the infinitesimal character
of a representation by the infinitesimal character
of its Dirac cohomology. 相似文献
1000.
Summary
In un precedente articolo [10] il secondo autore ha dimostrato che ogni corpo convesso piano è univocamente determinato dalle lunghezze dette corde tagliate da tre fasci propri, i cui sostegni non sono allineati. Si dimostra in questo articolo che il corrispondente problema ricostruttivo è ben posto, se si assume che il corpo convesso da ricostruire è contenuto in un preassegnato insieme limitato.
Supported in part by a grant from the National Research Council (C.N.R.) of Italy.
Contribution to the research projectReconstruction, Ko 506/8-1 of the German Research Council (D.F.G.), directed by Professor D.Kölzow, Erlangen. 相似文献
Supported in part by a grant from the National Research Council (C.N.R.) of Italy.
Contribution to the research projectReconstruction, Ko 506/8-1 of the German Research Council (D.F.G.), directed by Professor D.Kölzow, Erlangen. 相似文献