全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2395篇 |
免费 | 75篇 |
国内免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1617篇 |
晶体学 | 9篇 |
力学 | 53篇 |
数学 | 464篇 |
物理学 | 351篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 67篇 |
2021年 | 61篇 |
2020年 | 58篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 57篇 |
2017年 | 53篇 |
2016年 | 92篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 89篇 |
2013年 | 178篇 |
2012年 | 161篇 |
2011年 | 190篇 |
2010年 | 135篇 |
2009年 | 102篇 |
2008年 | 142篇 |
2007年 | 146篇 |
2006年 | 135篇 |
2005年 | 116篇 |
2004年 | 86篇 |
2003年 | 68篇 |
2002年 | 63篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 11篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 18篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2494条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Luiz Augusto N. Barroso Márcia H.C. Fampa Rafael Kelman Mario V.F. Pereira Priscila Lino 《Annals of Operations Research》2002,117(1-4):247-270
The objective of this work is to investigate market power issues in bid-based hydrothermal scheduling. Initially, market power was simulated with a single stage Cournot–Nash equilibrium model. In this static model the equilibrium was calculated analytically. It was shown that the total production of N strategic agents is smaller than the least-cost solution by a factor of (N/(N+1)). Market power analysis for multiple stages was then carried through a stochastic dynamic programming scheme, where the decision in each stage and state is the Cournot–Nash equilibrium of a multi-agent game. Case studies with data taken from the Brazilian system are presented. 相似文献
92.
Lucas C. Céleri Rafael M. Gomes Radu Ionicioiu Thomas Jennewein Robert B. Mann Daniel R. Terno 《Foundations of Physics》2014,44(5):576-587
We describe a new class of experiments designed to probe the foundations of quantum mechanics. Using quantum controlling devices, we show how to attain a freedom in temporal ordering of the control and detection of various phenomena. We consider wave–particle duality in the context of quantum-controlled and the entanglement-assisted delayed-choice experiments. Then we discuss a quantum-controlled CHSH experiment and measurement of photon’s transversal position and momentum in a single set-up. 相似文献
93.
This paper studies the existence of bounded solutions of a forced non-linear differential equation of arbitrary order. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such solutions are obtained. These results are inspired by classical results on the periodic problem, both in the resonant and non-resonant cases.
94.
Rafael Espínola Adrian Petru?el 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2005,309(2):420-432
The purpose of this note is to present some fixed point and data dependence theorems in complete gauge spaces and in hyperconvex metric spaces for the so-called Meir-Keeler multivalued operators and admissible multivalued aα-contractions. Our results extend and generalize several theorems of Espínola and Kirk [R. Espínola, W.A. Kirk, Set-valued contractions and fixed points, Nonlinear Anal. 54 (2003) 485-494] and Rus, Petru?el, and Sînt?m?rian [I.A. Rus, A. Petru?el, A. Sînt?m?rian, Data dependence of the fixed point set of some multivalued weakly Picard operators, Nonlinear Anal. 52 (2003) 1947-1959]. 相似文献
95.
We study the skew-product semiflow induced by a family of convex and cooperative delay differential systems. Under some monotonicity assumptions, we obtain an ergodic representation for the upper Lyapunov exponent of a minimal subset. In addition, when eventually strong convexity at one point is assumed and there exist two completely strongly ordered minimal subsets K1?CK2, we show that K1 is an attractor subset which is a copy of the base. The long-time behaviour of every trajectory strongly ordered with K2 is then deduced. Some examples of application of the theory are shown. 相似文献
96.
Rafael Ferragut 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2012,407(14):2676-2683
A positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis method to obtain a quantitative determination of the chemical composition around defects inside nanoparticles is presented here. This methodology is applied to AlCuMg alloys to study the rapid hardening phenomena associated with solute-vacancy aggregation. Coincidence Doppler Broadening (CDB) and lifetime spectroscopy measurements of reference samples of pure elements with and without defects were analyzed to give quantitative information of the average chemical environment around vacancies, i.e. the atomic fraction of the first neighbors of these defects, in the alloys studied. The accuracy and reproducibility of the methodology is confirmed not only by good fits to the experimental data but, in most cases, by the consistency between the mean lifetime values predicted, using the CDB estimation, and the mean lifetime values independently measured. Discrepancies in the methodology are expected when there is poor CDB contrast between elements, i.e. having similar electronic structure (for example, Al and Mg). The criterion for establishing the statistical accuracy of the separation of elements in these special cases is discussed. The methodology can be applied not only to study homogeneous materials as metallic alloys, but also to study the depth profile in thin films. 相似文献
97.
Iris Abril Martínez-Salazar Julian Molina Francisco Ángel-Bello Trinidad Gómez Rafael Caballero 《European Journal of Operational Research》2014
In this work we consider a Transportation Location Routing Problem (TLRP) that can be seen as an extension of the two stage Location Routing Problem, in which the first stage corresponds to a transportation problem with truck capacity. Two objectives are considered in this research, reduction of distribution cost and balance of workloads for drivers in the routing stage. Here, we present a mathematical formulation for the bi-objective TLRP and propose a new representation for the TLRP based on priorities. This representation lets us manage the problem easily and reduces the computational effort, plus, it is suitable to be used with both local search based and evolutionary approaches. In order to demonstrate its efficiency, it was implemented in two metaheuristic solution algorithms based on the Scatter Tabu Search Procedure for Non-Linear Multiobjective Optimization (SSPMO) and on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) strategies. Computational experiments showed efficient results in solution quality and computing time. 相似文献
98.
Rafael P. Bianchin Mariovane S. Donini Cesar F.C. Cristaldo Fernando F. Fachini 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2019,37(2):1903-1910
The present work analyzes cylindrical diffusion flames (Tsuji burner) under low stretch condition, considering fuel injection also from the backward region of the burner. To highlight the fundamental aspects of this flame, some assumptions are imposed, like constant thermodynamic and transport coefficients, unitary Lewis number and no radiative heat loss. It is also considered potential flow model and incompressible Navier–Stokes model. Despite the simplicity of the former model, results from both models show good agreement. Also, an asymptotic analysis describing the problem far from the burner is able to capture the most important mechanisms controlling the flame, then the flame shape is determined and the dependence of the characteristic length scales on Peclet number (based on the burner properties), free stream velocity and stoichiometry is revealed. The results show that the flame width is proportional to the mass stoichiometric coefficient and reciprocal to the Peclet number the 1/4 power and free stream velocity the 3/4 power, and that the flame height is proportional to the square of the mass stoichiometric coefficient and to the square root of the ratio of Peclet number to free stream velocity. In addition, an asymptotic stability analysis reveals low-stretch flame extinction to be caused by reduction in fuel and oxidizer concentrations, which provides the range of the stoichiometric coefficient for stable regime, and at the same time the range of heat released. 相似文献
99.
We show that a compact surface of genus greater than one, without focal points and a finite number of bubbles (“good” shaped regions of positive curvature) is in the closure of Anosov metrics. Compact surfaces of nonpositive curvature and genus greater than one are in the closure of Anosov metrics, by Hamilton's work about the Ricci flow. We generalize this fact to the above surfaces without focal points admitting regions of positive curvature using a “magnetic” version of the Ricci flow, the so‐called Ricci Yang‐Mills flow. 相似文献
100.
A discrete Laplace transform and its inversion formula are obtained by using a quadrature of the integral Fourier transform
which is given in terms of Hermite polynomials and its zeros. This approach yields a convergent discrete formula for the two-sided
Laplace transform if the function to be transformed falls off rapidly to zero and satisfies given conditions of integrability,
achieving convergence also for singular functions. The inversion formula becomes a quadrature formula for the Bromwich integral.
The use of asymptotic formulae yields an algorithm to compute the discrete Laplace transform by using only exponentials. 相似文献