Motzkin numbers out of Random Domino Automaton

Motzkin numbers are derived from a special case of Random Domino Automaton – recently proposed a slowly driven system being a stochastic toy model of earthquakes. It is also a generalisation of 1D Drossel–Schwabl forest-fire model. A solution of the set of equations describing stationary state of Random Domino Automaton in inverse-power case is presented. A link with Motzkin numbers allows to present explicit form of asymptotic behaviour of the automaton.     

Pulse generation at 1.5-μm wavelength in new EAT14 glasses doped with Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript> and Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript> ions

The paper describes investigation of pulse laser generation in newly developed EAT14 glasses with the use of MALO saturable absorber. Different initial transmission of the saturable absorbers and different transmission of the output coupler were investigated. The laser generation was carried out using 976-nm pump wavelength. Comparison of peak powers, slop efficiencies and thresholds was made with a view to choose the best set of glass and saturable absorber for “eye-safe” microchip laser range-finder. The generated wavelengths by each sample were measured.     

Frequency aspects of the THz photomixer

In the paper methods of the terahertz photomixer operational frequency estimation are considered. Three methods are investigated — estimation of the frequency via direct measurements of the laser heterodyne compounds, via calculations from datasheets, and via calculations from raw collected data obtained from the photomixer system.     

Decay of the neutron-rich isotope 113Ru to 113Rh

The decay of neutron-rich isotope ¹¹³Ru obtained as on-line mass separated product of proton-induced fission has been investigated by γγ coincidence and spectrum multiscaling measurements. Decay schemes for both low- and high-spin isomers of ¹¹³Ru have been constructed. The level scheme of ¹¹³Rh is considerably extended. Systematics of the lowest-lying rhodium levels is smooth. The picture of shape coexistence established for neutron-rich Rh isotopes near-neutron midshell is confirmed with the observation of a K = 1/2 deformed band, with its 3/2⁺ state at 600 keV being the lowest-lying level and of probable 7/2⁺ and 5/2⁺ band members. A large fraction of β feeding is found to populate high-lying levels in ¹¹³Rh. The GT strength in ¹¹³Ru^m decay is significantly larger than for the decay of ¹¹³Ru_g and of lighter rhodium isotopes. Received: 18 January 2001 / Accepted: 14 January 2002     

On the new universal possibility to detect phase transitions in correlated electron systems

We investigate temperature and concentration driven phase transitions (structural and reentrant phase transitions included) in magnetic and superconducting systems with the use of a wide class of model Hamiltonians applied to rare earth (Re) based compounds and alloys (integer and fluctuating valence systems). Studying the temperature or concentration dependence of the chemical potential we observe small but distinct and well localized kinks at all critical points as evidence for phase transitions. For systems with, at least, two kinds of interacting electrons the kinks at critical temperatures or concentrations occur also in the electronic average occupation numbers (critical electron redistribution). These observations suggest a direct and universal experimental application of the chemical potential as a detector of phase transitions for temperature and concentration driven phase transitions, as well as, for pressure-or external field-induced transitions in solids. The agreement between the calculated critical temperature behaviour of the chemical potential, presented in this paper, and experimental measurements for high-temperature superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ entirely supports these general observations.     

Reliability in reconstruction of the axisymmetric refractive index profiles from transverse interferograms. Accurate versus approximate methods: A comparative study

A mathematical formalism related to the approximate as well as the accurate interferometric data reduction schemes is briefly outlined and subsequently applied in the reconstruction of the assumed (Luneburg) axisymmetric refractive index distribution. The presented comparative analysis confirms the generally held opinion that the approximate methods (“straight-line” and Kokubun-Iga approaches) may provide quite reasonable results in the examination of refractively inhomogeneous disturbances characterized by weak gradient and moderate index variation. On the other hand, the accurate scheme for transverse interferometric data interpretation and reduction, based on the close-form correlation between the fringe shift and the deflection function, [1] remains the only method for reliable reconstruction of strongly refracting index profiles, independently of magnitude of refraction and ambiguity of the fringes. This fact is of considerable importance for transverse interferometry of fibers (preform rods) and/or GRIN-rod lenses characterized by high numerical apertures.     

Recent advances in the organic synthesis at high pressure. Effect of pressure on the macrocyclization reaction

Abstract

α,ω-Tertiary diamines react under high pressure with α,ω-di-iodo compounds to give cyclic or bicyclic bis-quaternary salts in almost quantitative yields. The role of high-pressure-induced changes in conformation of linear intermediates and the viscosity factor are discussed.     

Quantum Prisoner’s Dilemma game on hypergraph networks

We study the possible advantages of adopting quantum strategies in multi-player evolutionary games. We base our study on the three-player Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) game. In order to model the simultaneous interaction between three agents we use hypergraphs and hypergraph networks. In particular, we study two types of networks: a random network and a SF-like network. The obtained results show that in the case of a three-player game on a hypergraph network, quantum strategies are not necessarily stochastically stable strategies. In some cases, the defection strategy can be as good as a quantum one.     

Silicon solar cells with Al2O3 antireflection coating

The paper presents the possibility of using Al₂O₃ antireflection coatings deposited by atomic layer deposition ALD. The ALD method is based on alternate pulsing of the precursor gases and vapors onto the substrate surface and then chemisorption or surface reaction of the precursors. The reactor is purged with an inert gas between the precursor pulses. The Al₂O₃ thin film in structure of the finished solar cells can play the role of both antireflection and passivation layer which will simplify the process. For this research 50×50 mm monocrystalline silicon solar cells with one bus bar have been used. The metallic contacts were prepared by screen printing method and Al₂O₃ antireflection coating by ALD method. Results and their analysis allow to conclude that the Al₂O₃ antireflection coating deposited by ALD has a significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of the silicon solar cell. For about 80 nm of Al₂O₃ the best results were obtained in the wavelength range of 400 to 800 nm reducing the reflection to less than 1%. The difference in the solar cells efficiency between with and without antireflection coating was 5.28%. The LBIC scan measurements may indicate a positive influence of the thin film Al₂O₃ on the bulk passivation of the silicon.