Irregular sampling to reduce the limitations induced by the nonlinearities in wavelength scanning

A new numerical method for reducing the effects of the nonlinearity signal in the distance measurements by the frequency-modulated continuous wave technique is presented. It is shown that the phase shift of the interferogram produced by a light-scanning signal could be efficiently considered as polynomial. In the distance measurement method considered, the information is carried by the first-order polynomial phase signal. Our method eliminates the high orders of the polynomial pulse, which allows an improvement of the resolution. First results are reported in order to illustrate the new technique.     

On the Resolution of the Heat Equation with Discontinuous Coefficients

We give in this work some results about the existence and uniqueness with optimal regularity for solutions of a parabolic equation in nondivergence form in L^q(0,T;L^p(Omega)) where 1 < p,q < infinity in two cases. We use Lamberton's results (cf. [9]) in the first case and Dore-Venni's results (cf. [6]) in the second case.     

On strong regular stabilizability for linear neutral type systems

The problem of strong stabilizability of linear systems of neutral type is investigated. We are interested in the case when the system has an infinite sequence of eigenvalues with vanishing real parts. This is the case when the main part of the neutral equation is not assumed to be stable in the classical sense. We discuss the notion of regular strong stabilizability and present an approach to stabilize the system by regular linear controls. The method covers the case of multivariable control and is essentially based on the idea of infinite-dimensional pole assignment proposed in [G.M. Sklyar, A.V. Rezounenko, A theorem on the strong asymptotic stability and determination of stabilizing controls, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math. 333 (8) (2001) 807-812]. Our approach is based on the recent results on the Riesz basis of invariant finite-dimensional subspaces and strong stability for neutral type systems presented in [R. Rabah, G.M. Sklyar, A.V. Rezounenko, Stability analysis of neutral type systems in Hilbert space, J. Differential Equations 214 (2) (2005) 391-428].     

Palladium‐catalyzed reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding anilines

Reduction of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds with triethylsilane in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladium chloride in ethanol resulted in the formation of the corresponding anilines in excellent yields. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Localized surface plasmon resonance interfaces coated with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] for histidine-tagged peptide sensing

The paper reports on a novel localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) substrate architecture for the immobilization and detection of histidine-tagged peptides. The LSPR interface consists of an ITO (indium tin oxide) substrate coated with gold nanostructures. The latter are obtained by thermal deposition of a thin (2 nm thick) gold film followed by post-annealing at 500 °C. The LSPR interface was coated with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] thin films using electrochemical means. The ability of the LSPR interfaces coated with poly[3-(pyrrolyl)carboxylic acid] to chelate copper ions was investigated. Once loaded with metal ions, the modified LSPR interface was able to bind specifically to histidine-tagged peptides. The binding process was followed using LSPR.     

Endogenous timing in a mixed duopoly

This paper applies the framework of endogenous timing in games to mixed quantity duopoly, wherein a private—domestic or foreign—firm competes with a public, welfare-maximizing firm. A central goal of the paper is to present a unified and general treatment of the basic question of what constitutes the appropriate solution concept—Cournot or Stackelberg—in such duopolies. We show that simultaneous play never emerges as a subgame-perfect equilibrium of the extended game, in sharp contrast to private duopoly games. We demonstrate that this result is due to the objective function of the public firm being increasing in the rival’s output (instead of decreasing for a private firm). We provide sufficient conditions for the emergence of public and/or private leadership equilibrium. In all cases, private profits and social welfare are higher than under the corresponding Cournot equilibrium. We make extensive use of the basic results from the theory of supermodular games in order to avoid common extraneous assumptions such as concavity, existence and uniqueness of the different equilibria, whenever possible. Some policy implications are drawn, in particular those relating to the merits of privatization.     

Covalent functionalization of silicon nitride surfaces by semicarbazide group

The paper reports on the covalent attachment of semicarbazide functional groups onto hydrogen-terminated silicon-rich silicon nitride (Si_xN₄; 4 < x < 5) surface under photochemical conditions. UV-irradiation (254 nm) of the surface coated with a thin film of tert-butyl 2-[(allylamino)carbonyl]hydrazine-carboxylate yields an organic monolayer covalently attached to the surface via Si-C bonds and terminated with t-Boc-protected semicarbazide moieties. Removal of the protecting group produces a reactive semicarbazide-terminated monolayer. The photo-induced reaction was investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements.     

Synthèses de 3-silyl et de 3-germyl 1-sila et 1-germacyclopent-3-ènes

The synthesis of allylic sila (and germa) cyclopentenes containing an Et₃M (M = Si, Ge) group in vinylic position is described. 1-Germacyclopent-3-enes 3-silylated (IIIa) and 3-germylated (IIIb) result from 1,4-cycloaddition of GeI₂ to the corresponding 2-metallated 1,3-dienes (II). 3-Metallated 1-silacyclopent-3-enes (IIIc–IIIf) are obtained by two methods. One involves the reaction of dienes II with Me₂SiCl₂ and Mg, leading to compounds IIIc (M = Si) and IIId (M = Ge). The other method corresponds to the trichlorosilylation (HSiCl₃, Et₃N, ε Cu₂Cl₂) of dichlorinated compounds I resulting from cis-addition of Et₃MH to cis-1,4-dichlorobutyne. From the two trichlorosilylated derivatives IV and V, formed in S_N2 and S_N2′ reactions, only the 1-trichlorosilyl 2-triethylsilyl (and germyl) 4-chlorobut-2-enes (IV) give, in the presence of magnesium, the 1,1-dichloro 3-triethylsilyl (and germyl) 1-silacyclopent-3-enes (IIIe and IIIf).

Abstract

Nous décrivons la synthèse de sila (et germa) cyclopentènes allyliques (III) renfermant le groupe Et₃M (M = Si, Ge) en position vinylique. Les 1-germacyclopent-3-ènes 3-silylés (IIIa) et 3-germylés (IIIb) sont obtenus par réaction de cycloaddition-1,4 de GeI₂ sur les diènes 2-métallés (II) correspondants. Les 1-silacyclopent-3-ènes métallés (IIIc–IIIf) sont préparés selon deux méthodes. L'une, mettant en jeu les diènes II et le couple Me₂SiCl₂ Mg, conduit aux cycles IIIc (M = Si) et IIId (M = Ge). L'autre méthode consiste à effectuer la réaction de trichlorosilylation (HSiCl₃, Et₃N, ε Cu₂Cl₂) des dérivés dichlorés I qui résultent de la cis-addition de Et₃MH au cis-1,4-dichlorobutyne. Des deux dérivés trichlorosilylés IV et V formés à l'issue des réactions S_N2 et S_N2′, seuls les 1-trichlorosilyl 2-triéthylsilyl (et germyl) 4-chlorobut-2-ènes (IV) conduisent, après cyclisation par le magnésium, aux 1,1-dichloro-3-triéthylsilyl (et germyl) 1-silacyclopent-3-enes (IIIe et IIIf).     

Thermal and photochemical isomerization of exocyclic 1,3-dienes: 1,1-diphenyl-3,4-bis(trimethylsilylmethylene)-1-silacyclopentane s-cis(E,E)

This paper describes the photochemical and the thermal isomerization of s-cis(E,E) 1,1-diphenly-3,4-bis(trimethylsilylmethylene)-1-silacyclopentane (1a). Under thermal conditions a 1,3-sigmatropic of the methylene hydrogen occurs, yielding the s-trans isomer (1b). The photochemical irradiation of (1a) at 300 nm for 1 h in deoxygenated benzene gives the corresponding s-cis(E,Z) isomer (1c) and then the s-cis(Z,Z) isomer (1d) after prolonged irradiation (3 h). There was no evidence for the formation of the corresponding cyclobutene resulting from the ring closure of the exocylic diene.