Production of the oxyfluorides of holmium,erbium, and ytterbium and study of their crystal-chemical properties

Journal of Structural Chemistry -     

Rißbildung,Nachgiebigkeit und Bruch in Polycarbonat und Polyäthylenterephthalat bei tiefen Temperaturen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

New Catalytic Synthesis of Polyfluoroalkyl Chlorosulfites

Russian Journal of General Chemistry -     

Analytical mass spectrometry

A review is made of the basic theory, instrumentation and application of mass spectrometry, with special reference to the development of the equipment and its impact on the scope of application.     

Silicon-29 diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) as a tool for studying aqueous silicates

The first use of silicon-29 diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) is reported, in a study of the speciation of aqueous silicates.     

A Simulation Approach to Cost Estimation in the Project Contracting Industry

In the project contracting industry (particularly in Third World and developing economies) one of the basic requirements for a company to produce a bid is an accurate estimate of the overall costs. A typical contract will involve several hundred quotes from different suppliers, and some of the figures will be inherently more risky than others.This paper looks at the effect of component price uncertainties on the overall cost of a project and develops a company-based simulation model to evaluate this. The basic data is derived from the individual expertise existing within the company, and this is statistically tested for consistency.The application of the simulation model is demonstrated, and it is also used to test some simple hypotheses about the existing modus operandi.     

Optical waveguide sensors in analytical chemistry: today’s instrumentation, applications and trends for future development

Current concepts for chemical and biochemical sensing based on detection with optical waveguides are reviewed. The goals are to provide a framework for classifying such sensors and to assist a designer in selecting the most suitable detection techniques and waveguide arrangements. Sensor designs are categorized on the basis of the five parameters that completely describe a light wave: its amplitude, wavelength, phase, polarization state and time-dependent waveform. In the fabrication of a successful sensor, the physical or chemical property of the determined species and the particular light wave parameter to detect it should be selected with care since they jointly dictate the sensitivity, stability, selectivity and accuracy of the eventual measurement. The principle of operation, the nature or the detected optical signal, instrumental requirements for practical applications, and associated problems are analyzed for each category of sensors. Two sorts of sensors are considered: those based on direct spectroscopic detection of the analyte, and those in which the analyte is determined indirectly through use of an analyte-sensitive reagent. Key areas of recent study, useful practical applications, and trends in future development of optical waveguide chemical and biochemical sensors are considered.     

Validated ion-exclusion chromatographic method for citrate and acetate in medical fluids

In this paper we describe the development and validation of a solid-phase extraction procedure, followed by ion-exclusion chromatographic determination of citrate and acetate in medical fluids. The medical fluids contained trace levels of non-polar compounds, which were not of interest for the purposes of assay requirements, but due to their strong affinity towards the ion-exclusion chromatography column necessitated a 180-min long runtime to elute. The developed SPE procedure, based on trapping the hydrophobic compounds, on a reversed-phase material, while allowing analytes of interest elute off unretained, shortened the runtime to 35 min. The procedure is simple since it has only two steps, conditioning of the SPE cartridge with acetonitrile and treating the sample. The SPE procedure followed by ion-exclusion chromatographic determination was successfully validated per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines in terms of specificity, accuracy as recovery versus untreated sample, precision, range, linearity of response, ruggedness, stability of treated samples, and robustness. The validation data showed that the method is specific, accurate, precise, rugged, and robust. The validated method has been routinely used in the manufacturing environment.