全文获取类型
收费全文 | 338225篇 |
免费 | 2424篇 |
国内免费 | 891篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 162079篇 |
晶体学 | 5036篇 |
力学 | 16557篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
数学 | 50590篇 |
物理学 | 107276篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 1764篇 |
2019年 | 2037篇 |
2018年 | 10974篇 |
2017年 | 11786篇 |
2016年 | 7782篇 |
2015年 | 3437篇 |
2014年 | 4009篇 |
2013年 | 11265篇 |
2012年 | 12247篇 |
2011年 | 22149篇 |
2010年 | 13530篇 |
2009年 | 13499篇 |
2008年 | 19308篇 |
2007年 | 22852篇 |
2006年 | 8550篇 |
2005年 | 14617篇 |
2004年 | 10404篇 |
2003年 | 9530篇 |
2002年 | 7507篇 |
2001年 | 7355篇 |
2000年 | 5660篇 |
1999年 | 4248篇 |
1998年 | 3592篇 |
1997年 | 3593篇 |
1996年 | 3455篇 |
1995年 | 3228篇 |
1994年 | 3029篇 |
1993年 | 3071篇 |
1992年 | 3359篇 |
1991年 | 3401篇 |
1990年 | 3211篇 |
1989年 | 3172篇 |
1988年 | 3245篇 |
1987年 | 3107篇 |
1986年 | 2996篇 |
1985年 | 4062篇 |
1984年 | 4244篇 |
1983年 | 3477篇 |
1982年 | 3828篇 |
1981年 | 3720篇 |
1980年 | 3594篇 |
1979年 | 3643篇 |
1978年 | 3882篇 |
1977年 | 3627篇 |
1976年 | 3864篇 |
1975年 | 3435篇 |
1974年 | 3555篇 |
1973年 | 3898篇 |
1972年 | 2363篇 |
1971年 | 1807篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi metal silicide composite coatings with a fine microstructure consisting of Mo2Ni3Si primary dendrites and the interdendritic Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi eutectics were fabricated on austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 by laser cladding process. Small amplitude reciprocating sliding wear resistance of the coatings is evaluated as functions of normal load and slip amplitude and the wear mechanisms were discussed based on worn surface morphology observations. Results showed that the Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi coatings have excellent small amplitude reciprocating sliding wear resistance. 相似文献
142.
M. R. Allazov Ali Riza Kul A. V. Einullaev M. B. Babanly 《Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry》2006,51(4):624-629
Some polythermal sections of the Ni-Bi-Se system have been investigated by DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructural analysis, and microhardness measurements. The liquidus surface has been constructed for this system. The compounds NiBi2Se4 and Ni3Bi2Se2 are formed by dystectic reactions and melt at 1088 and 980 K, respectively. The regions of primary and joint phase crystallization have been determined. A commutation of Bi2Se3-based thermoelements with a metal nickel bus-bar has been proposed. 相似文献
143.
Catalytic properties of silica-supported heteropolyacids (HPA) in a mechanical mixture with reduced Me-Ce oxides (Me = Ni,
Pd) in n-hexane isomerization are studied. The role of each component of the mixed oxides (Ce and, typically, Ni and Pd) and their
optimum content has been illuminated: cerium is not only beneficial for eliminating or preventing coke deposition but is also
effective for maintaining the Keggin structure of the highly-organized HPA during the reaction and probably allows a better
dispersion of the second metal species. Nickel and palladium, present as Ni0 and Pd0, reinforce the activation of the alkane, which is difficult to obtain by means of a direct attack by an acid, and, thus,
enhance noticeably the activity of the catalyst. The best mechanical mixtures are obtained with 30–70 wt % NiCeO-HPW/SiO2 and 50–50 wt % Pd0.1CeO-HPW/SiO2. These mixtures have the highest efficiency for a Ni/(Ni + W) atomic ratio of 0.66 and a Pd/(Pd + W) ratio of 0.40, respectively.
Finally, the conversion of n-hexane is in the order HPW > HSiW > HBW, which seems to be consistent with the order of their acid strength as per the literature,
but the isomerization selectivity appears to be slightly higher on HSiW.
Published in Russian in Kinetika i Kataliz, 2006, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 24–28.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
144.
V. S. Berezinsky 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2003,66(3):423-434
About 400 years have passed since the great discoveries by Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, but astronomy still remains an important source of discoveries in physics. They start with puzzles, with phenomena difficult to explain, and phenomena which in fact need new physics for explanation. Do such puzzles exist now? There are at least three candidates: absence of absorption of TeV gamma radiation in extragalactic space (violation of Lorentz invariance?), absence of GZK cutoff in the spectrum of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (new particle physics?), tremendous energy (up to 1054 erg) released in gamma ray bursts on a time scale of a second (collapsing stars or sources of a new type?). Do these puzzles really exist? A critical review of these phenomena is given. 相似文献
145.
146.
Palladium-catalysed three component coupling of an alkenylbromide, isonitrile and an amine or alkoxide/phenoxide affords α,β-unsaturated-amidines and -imidates. 相似文献
147.
Yu. A. Kumzerov L. S. Parfen’eva I. A. Smirnov H. Misiorek J. Mucha A. Jezowski 《Physics of the Solid State》2003,45(1):57-60
The thermal conductivity of crystalline chrysotile asbestos made up of hollow tubular Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 filaments is measured in the range 5–300 K. The paper discusses the possibility of using this material in studies of the thermal conductivity of thin filaments of metals and semiconductors incorporated into the channels of crystalline chrysotile asbestos tubes. 相似文献
148.
Dominique Fourdrinier William E. Strawderman 《Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics》2003,55(4):803-816
We consider estimation of loss for generalized Bayes or pseudo-Bayes estimators of a multivariate normal mean vector, θ. In
3 and higher dimensions, the MLEX is UMVUE and minimax but is inadmissible. It is dominated by the James-Stein estimator and by many others. Johnstone (1988,
On inadmissibility of some unbiased estimates of loss,Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics, IV (eds. S. S. Gupta and J. O. Berger), Vol. 1, 361–379, Springer, New York) considered the estimation of loss for the usual
estimatorX and the James-Stein estimator. He found improvements over the Stein unbiased estimator of risk. In this paper, for a generalized
Bayes point estimator of θ, we compare generalized Bayes estimators to unbiased estimators of loss. We find, somewhat surprisingly,
that the unbiased estimator often dominates the corresponding generalized Bayes estimator of loss for priors which give minimax
estimators in the original point estimation problem. In particular, we give a class of priors for which the generalized Bayes
estimator of θ is admissible and minimax but for which the unbiased estimator of loss dominates the generalized Bayes estimator
of loss. We also give a general inadmissibility result for a generalized Bayes estimator of loss.
Research supported by NSF Grant DMS-97-04524. 相似文献
149.
A one-dimensional bulk reaction model for the oxidation of nickeltitanium is formulated, with preferential oxidation of titaniumbeing included. The modelling is directed at the better understandingof the dominant mechanisms involved in the oxidation processand their significance for the biocompatibility of the alloy.Two different regimes for the relative diffusivities of oxygenand the metals are investigated. By assuming fast bulk reactions,different asymptotic structures emerge in different parameterregimes and the resulting models take the form of moving boundaryproblems. Different profiles of nickel concentration are obtained:in particular a nickel-rich layer (observed in practice) ispresent below the oxide/metal interface for the case when oxygenand the metals diffuse at comparable rates. 相似文献
150.
I. A. Vasilieva 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2003,97(3):539-553
The stationary condition is derived taking into account the polarization of radiation in the general case of a scattering inhomogeneous medium in an arbitrary-shape emitter. The necessary stationary condition for an emitter in which radiation is emitted and extinguished simultaneously is complete extinction of the entire emitted radiation. Radiation extinction as a result of absorption by the medium and the emergence of radiation from the emitter is analyzed. The stationary condition is an analytical form of writing that extinction of radiation is a sure event whose probability is equal to unity. The passage of radiation through the medium is described on the basis of the linear transport theory with the help of the matrices of the Green functions. The stationary condition includes the characteristics of polarized radiation extinction of which is analyzed, the absorption coefficients of the medium, and the elements of the matrices of the Green functions, which are determined by optical and geometrical parameters of the emitter. The stationary condition obtained is used for deriving the relations between the components of scalar intensity observed in an arbitrary region of the emitter. These relations include, in addition to the absorption coefficients and the matrix elements of the Green functions, the powers of the primary radiation. Possible applications of the stationary condition and the relations between intensity components in computations and experimental studies are considered. 相似文献