Water as an Efficient Solvent for Oxygenation Transformations with 34% Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by some Heteropolyoxometalates

Summary. A highly efficient, selective, fast, and cheap protocol is developed for oxidation of aromatic amines and alcohols utilizing 34% hydrogen peroxide in water catalyzed by some W- and Mo-based heteropolyoxometalates. Findings showed that dodecatungstophosphoric acid, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, was the most efficient catalyst in the examined oxidation reactions. This methodology may prove to be a valuable alternative for eco-friendly green oxidation. Inherent simplicity, easy work up, and using regenerable catalysts were other key aspects of this oxidation protocol.     

Mesoporous silica nanospheres with the ability of photo-driven releasing sandela 803 for the application to wallpaper

Mesoporous silica nanospheres loaded with sandela 803 (S803@MS-S) are prepared for application to wallpaper. The nano-fragrance has high encapsulation efficiency and property of photo-driven release.     

Simulation of human vision by image evolution in light-excitable nonlinear optical mediums

The nonlinear optical membrane used for image processing was prepared using tetraethyl silicate by sol-gel method under mild conditions. Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (bpy, bipyridine) was immobilized in the sol-gel matrix. This light-excitable membrane containing Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as photocatalyst could catalyze the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction by illumination. Our results indicated that a fine-definition image processing could be autoperformed when projecting a picture on this medium. The imaging process was an image evolution process, which was similar to that of the human vision process.     

毛细管电色谱中双电层叠加的研究

通过流动相中电解质浓度对毛细管电色谱柱效能的流动相平均线速度的影响，研究了ＣＥＣ中双电层叠加现象。提出选择合适电解质组成的浓度及在制备色谱柱过程中避免细小和破碎的固定相颗粒进入柱中，以有效地减小双电层叠加作用。     

Synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and 1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4(3H)-ones with the aid of a low-valent titanium reagent

A short and facile synthesis of a series of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and 1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4(3H)-ones was accomplished in good yields via the novel reductive cyclization of o-nitrobenzamides and triethyl orthoformate, aldehydes or ketones promoted by TiCl₄/Zn.     

Preparation and characterization of silver/TiO2 composite hollow spheres

Silver-coated poly(methyl acrylic acid) (PSA) core-shell colloid particles were prepared by an in situ chemical reduction method. Crystalline silver/titania composite hollow spheres were obtained by coating the as-prepared PSA/silver particles with an amorphous titania layer and subsequently calcining in Ar atmosphere. SEM and TEM investigation indicated that the size of the as-prepared PSA/silver and PSA/silver/TiO(2) core-shell particles and silver/titania composite hollow particles was fairly uniform and the wall thickness of the hollow spheres was in the range of 40-80 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra were recorded to investigate their optical properties.     

Raman spectroscopic analysis of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification and dilution

Raman spectra of supersaturated aqueous solution of MgO.B2O3-32%MgCl2-H2O during acidification/alkalization and dilution have been studied. The assignments of the recorded Raman shift are given. The main existing forms of polyborate anions and their interaction in borate aqueous solution have been proposed through spectroscopic analysis. The experimental results indicate that the higher concentration of cation are beneficial not only to the dissolution of boric acid but also to the polymerization of polyborate anions. The existing forms and interaction among them also depend on the concentration of boron and the pH value in solution.     

Electrochemical reduction and voltammetric determination of metronidazole at a nanomaterial thin film coated glassy carbon electrode

Simple and sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of metronidazole, based on a nanostructured film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE), is described. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) was dispersed into water in the presence of a hydrophobic surfactant to give very stable and homogeneous MWNT suspension, and a MWNT-film coated GCE was achieved via evaporating solvent. Metronidazole yields a well-defined reduction peak whose potential is −0.71 V at the MWNT-film coated GCE in pH 9.0 Britton-Robinson buffer. Compared with bare GCE, the MWNT-film modified GCE significantly enhances the reduction peak current of metronidazole. All the experimental parameters were optimized for the determination of metronidazole. The detection limit is 6×10⁻⁹ mol/l at 2 min accumulation. This method has been successfully used to determine metronidazole in the drugs. Furthermore, results obtained by the proposed method have been compared with spectrophotometric method.     

Identification of a chemical indicator of the rupture of 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds of cellulose in an oil-impregnated insulating paper system

In this study, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been used to assess the volatile by-products generated by the ageing of oil-impregnated paper insulation of power transformers. Sealed-glass ampoules were used to age under oxidative conditions 0.5-g specimens of insulating paper in 9 mL of inhibited mineral oil in a temperature range of 60–120 °C and moisture of 0.5, 1 and 2% (w/w). A linear relationship between one of the oil-soluble degradation by-products, i.e. methanol, and the number of ruptured 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds of cellulose, regardless of the type of paper (ordinary Kraft or thermally-upgraded (TU) Kraft paper), was established for the first time in this field. Ageing at 130 °C of model compounds of the Kraft paper constituents (α-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and two cellulosic breakdown by-products (D-(+)-glucose and 1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose) confirmed that the α-cellulose degradation was mostly responsible for the presence of this molecule in the system. Furthermore, additional 130 °C-tests with six different papers and pressboard samples under a tight control of initial moisture indicated that at least one molecule of methanol is formed for each rupture of 1,4-β-glucosidic bond of the molecular chains. Stability tests showed that the ageing indicator is stable under the oxygen and temperature conditions of open-breathing transformers. The presence of methanol was detected in 94% of oil samples collected from over than 900 in-service pieces of equipment, confirming the potential for this application. Lastly, the tests have shown that oil-oxidation by-products and TU-nitrogenous agents modify the methanol partitioning coefficients in the paper/oil/air system, which makes their study essential over a range of field conditions encountered by power transformers. Results are presented and discussed in comparison with 2-furfuraldehyde, which is the current reference in the domain.     

Organic–inorganic nanocomposites prepared from fluoro-aramid and silica

Fluoro-aramid-based sol/gel-derived nanocomposites were synthesized by condensing a mixture of 4,4′-(hexafluoro-isopropylidene)dianiline and 1,3-phenylenediamine with terephthaloylchloride (TPC) in dimethylacetamide. TPC was added in slight excess to produce amide chains with carbonyl chloride end groups and then replaced with alkoxy groups using aminophenyltrimethoxysilane to develop bonding with the silica network. Mechanical, dynamic mechanical thermal, water absorption and morphological measurements were carried out on the thin hybrid films. Increase in the tensile strength and modulus was observed as compared to pristine polyamide. The thermal decomposition temperature was found in the range of 400–500 °C. The water absorption was found to be reduced with higher silica content. The glass transition temperature and the storage moduli increased with increasing silica concentration. The maximum increase in the T _g value (345 °C) was observed with 20 wt% silica. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the uniform distribution of silica in the matrix with an average particle size ranging from 8 to 50 nm.