Volumetric Properties for the Electrolyte (NaCl,NaBr and NaI) Monosaccharide (D‐Mannose and D‐Ribose)‐Water Systems at 298.15 K

Densities have been measured for the electrolyte (NaCl, NaBr and NaI)‐monosaccharide (D ‐mannose and D‐ribose)‐water solutions at 298.15 K. These data have been used to calculate the apparent molar volumes of the saccharides (V_Φ,S) and electrolytes (V_Φ,E) in the studied solutions. Infinite dilution apparent molar volumes, V_Φ,S⁰ and V_Φ,E⁰, have been evaluated, together with the standard transfer volumes of the saccharides (Δ_tV_S⁰) from water to aqueous electrolyte solutions and those of the electrolytes (Δ_tV_E⁰) from water to aqueous saccharide solutions. It was shown that both the Δ_tV_S⁰ and Δ_tV_E⁰ values are positive and increase with increasing molalities of sodium halides and saccharides, respectively. Overall, the Δ_tV_S⁰ and Δ_tV_E⁰ values have the order of NaCl > NaBr > NaI except for NaI‐ribose and NaI‐ribose. Volumetric interaction parameters for the electrolyte‐monosaccharide pairs in water were obtained and interpreted by the stereochemistry of the monosaccharide molecules and the structural interaction model.     

A New β-Carboline Alkaloid and a New Derivate of Isoferulic Acid from Anemone altaica

A new β-carboline alkaloid, 4-（9H-β-carbolin-1-yl）-4-oxobutyric acid and a new derivate of isoferulic acid, （E）-3-（3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl）acrylic acid carboxymethyl ester, were isolated from the roots of Anemone altaica. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data.     

The triplet channel in the photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley band: classical trajectory surface hopping analysis

The triplet channel in the photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley band, O3 + hv-->O(3P) + O2(3sigma), is investigated by means of a classical trajectory surface hopping method using ab initio diabatic potential energy surfaces for the B and the R states. Because of the strong recoil in the R state along the breaking O-O bond, O2(3sigma) is produced with a high rotational energy. The nonadiabatic transition probability depends markedly on the coordinate along the crossing seam. As a consequence a unique correlation is found between the internuclear geometry at the crossing and the final vibrational state of O2(3sigma). The calculated distribution of the translational energy is in good accord with the measured distribution.     

Roles of TNF-alpha and IgE in the late phase of contact hypersensitivity induced by trimellitic anhydride

Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is widely used industrially to make epoxy and alkyd resins, plasticizers and surfactants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is induced by repeated TMA challenge and the role of TNF-alpha and IgE in the TMA-induced CHS. The repetition of the challenge enlarged the extent of an early and a late phase of CHS in TNF-alpha+/+ (B6129SF2/J) and Balb/c mice. In the late phase of TMA-induced CHS, the peak of ear swelling responses by single challenge showed at 24 h after challenge, but the peak was observed at 8 h after repeated challenge. In the TNF-alpha knockout TNF-alpha-/- (B6;129S-Tnftm1Gk1) mice, the repetition of the TMA challenges enlarged the extent of the late phase of CHS, but less than those in TNF-alpha+/+ mice. Injection of anti-TNF-alpha antibody into the peritoneal cavity of Balb/c mice significantly decreased the extent of the late phase of CHS. Subcutaneous injection of anti-IgE antibody into Balb/c mice also decreased the extent of the late phase of CHS in dose-dependent manner. Histologically, infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils was more pronounced in repeatedly TMA-challenged TNF-alpha+/+ and Balb/c mice than in the TNF-alpha-/- mice and anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IgE antibodies treated Balb/c mice. These results indicate that mice sensitized by TMA could possibly offer a useful model to study the mechanism of CHS, and TNF-alpha and IgE may act as potential modulators in the late phase of TMA-induced CHS. Neutralization of TNF-alpha and IgE by anti-TNF-alpha or anti-IgE antibodies may provide therapeutic tools for the treatment of TMA-induced CHS.     

Study on the effects of fluorine and oxygen deficiency on YBa2Cu307 byab initio method

The calculations of clusters modeling the fluorine-doping and oxygen deficiency of YBa₂Cu₃0₇ have been performed by the method of all-electronab initio Hartree-Fock with self-consistent crystal field. Results show that in CuO planes electric charge significantly increases, the chemical valence of Cu decreases and the covalent bonding of Cu-O greatly weakens owing to oxygen deficiency, while the effect of F restores the local electronic structure of YBa₂Cu₃O₇. The reported opinion that F occupied the oxygen vacancy in Cu-O chains seems disputable according to the calculated bonding characteristics Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Alkylation of 2‐pyridinones: Synthesis of novel acyclonucleosides

This paper presents the synthesis of some novel acyclonucleosides containing 2‐pyridinones and 2‐hydroxyethoxymethyl, 2,3‐dihydroxy‐propyl side chain. The tosylate of these nucleosides analogues could be modified to azido derivatives. Also, acyclonucleosides with 1‐ethoxymethyl, 1‐benzyloxymethyl, 1‐methylthiomethy 1 and 2‐hydroxyethyl side chains have been investigated. The O‐alkylated pyridine derivatives were obtained during most reactions.     

Nonisothermal Kinetics of Sub‐Solidus Phase Transitions in C10Zn,C16Zn and Their Binary System

Nonisothermal kinetics of the solid‐solid phase transition in (n‐C₁₀H₂₁NH₃)₂ZnCl₄(C₁₀Zn), (n‐C₁₆H₃₃NH₃)₂ZnCl₄(C₁₆Zn) and their binary system were determined by Kissinger and Ozawa methods from DSC measurements. The activation energy E_a of the binary system shows a waving dependence on W_C10Zn%, which is caused by not only an intermediate (C₁₀H₂₁NH₃)(n‐C₁₆H₃₃NH₃)ZnCl₄ but also three solid solution ranges (α, β, γ) in the phase diagram of C₁₀Zn‐C₁₆Zn. The variations of the layer d‐spacing are also convenient for the above result.     

Chemical Constituents of Ailanthus triphysa

Two new compounds,8(14),15-isopimaradiene-2α，３α，19-triol(1),and 6α，７β－dihydroxy-17(20)-cis-5α－pregna-16-one(2),together with four known copounds,a oxygenated rare phyllocladane,phyllocladan-16α，19-diol(3),kaempferol-3-0-β－Ｄ-galactopyranosied,kaempferol-3-0-α－Ｌ－rhamnopyranoside and scopoletin, were isolated from the leaves of Ailanthus tripysa.Structures of 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data as compared with related compounds.     

Influence of neutral cyclodextrin concentration on plate numbers in capillary electrophoresis

A quantitative theory of plate number N in capillary electrophoresis was developed for buffers containing neutral cyclodextrins (CDs) capable of forming inclusion complexes. In the theory, N was modeled by longitudinal diffusion, injection extent, width of the detection window, and the detector time constant. The apparent mobility was modeled as a weighted sum of the mobilities of the free-solution analyte and the inclusion complex. The apparent diffusion coefficient was modeled as a similarly weighted sum. Both the apparent mobility and diffusion coefficient were corrected by functions that compensated for increases of buffer temperature caused by Joule heat. The experimental N's and apparent mobilities of neutral thiourea and of the anions, dansyl D- and L-leucine, dansyl D- and L-aspartic acid, benzoate, and 4-nitrophenolate, were determined in buffers containing from 0 to 15 mM beta-CD. The binding constants, and mobilities and diffusion coefficients of the free-solution analyte and inclusion complex, were calculated as regression coefficients by fitting theory to these determinations. The regression coefficients were shown to have physicochemical meaning, as assessed by literature values, independent measurements, and theoretical predictions. The assessment showed the Nernst-Einstein equation does not relate mobilities and diffusion coefficients at the electrolyte concentration used. The interdependence of mobilities, diffusion coefficients, binding constants, and other dispersion sources was interpreted to evaluate the factors affecting the variation of N with CD concentration. From the interpretation, an approximate equation for N in low-concentration CD buffers was derived. The equation depends on free-solution and inclusion-complex mobilities and diffusion coefficients, the binding constant, the potential difference over the effective capillary length, and the number of plates in a CD-free buffer.     

Crystal Structure,Electrochemical Properties and Third-order Nonlinear Optical Response of 4-Methyloxy benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone and Its Copper(Ⅱ)Complex

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