超宽带可调谐SOA四波混频波长变换器的实验研究

基于半导体光放大器(SOA)光纤环形激光器中的双泵浦四波混频效应,构成超宽带并且完全透明的波长变换器,成功实现1550nm窗口2.5Gb/s信号的可调谐波长变换,变换效率在50nm范围内保持基本平坦,同时测出了SOA增益和自发辐射(ASE)噪音功率的关系.实验结果表明,在一定限制条件下,提高泵浦功率可以提高变换信号的信噪比.     

差分光学吸收光谱(DOAS)技术在烟气SO2监测中的应用

本文将差分光学吸收光谱(Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy,DOAS)技术中的浓度反演方法运用到烟气SO₂监测中.利用SO₂分子在300nm附近具有强吸收的特性,测量出烟气SO₂的吸收光谱,用DOAS方法反演出SO₂分子的浓度,消除了烟气中烟尘、水汽和其它成分的影响,使在线实时测量成为可能,在实验室内对几种SO₂分子浓度样气进行了测量和浓度反演.     

路径约束条件下车辆行为的时空演化模型

复杂地理环境下车辆运行线路具有空间三维特征, 它对车辆行为的约束是显然的, 非一维空间和二维空间所能描述. 将复杂地理环境下车辆运行线路抽象为空间曲线, 引入微分几何理论, 利用弧长、曲率和挠率等几何不变量参数建立沿空间曲线运动的Serret-Frenet活动标架; 然后, 对空间曲线上任意一点处Serret-Frenet标架具有时变属性的动态行为进行数学描述, 进而建立路径约束条件下车辆行为的时空演化模型, 并在数学上严格证明了所建时空演化模型适用于车辆(Serret-Frenet标架)直线运行和做匀速圆周运动的特殊情形. 为后续复杂地理环境中交通线路上的车辆跟驰、变道等微观行为和交通流宏观行为研究, 奠定了理论基础.     

Spectral Characterization of Nitrogen in Farmland Soil by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Nitrogen is one of the most important elements in farmland soil, and nitrogen content is one of the evaluation indicators of fertilizers. It is difficult to measure the nitrogen content in farmland soil because the chemical and physical properties of farmland soil are complex. Through the adoption of buffer gases to remove the influence of the nitrogen in air, this paper studied the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) characteristics of nitrogen in soil to establish a foundation for in situ measurement of nitrogen in farmland soil. Three characteristic spectral lines have been found. Based on the precise controlling of laser power and triggering of delay time between laser generation and spectra collection, we have studied the effects of laser energy on LIBS spectral characteristics and the time evolution characteristics to supply the basis of parameter optimization for the measurement. In addition, we have studied the relationship between nitrogen concentration and LIBS spectral intensity. The results demonstrated that LIBS was an effective measurement method of nitrogen content in farmland soil with simple hardware structure, fast detection, and high precision.     

石墨烯低温热膨胀和声子弛豫时间随温度的变化规律

考虑到原子非简谐振动和电子-声子相互作用,用固体物理理论和方法研究了石墨烯格林艾森参量和低温热膨胀系数以及声子弛豫时间随温度的变化规律,探讨了原子非简谐振动项对它们的影响.结果表明:1)在低于室温的温度范围内,石墨烯的热膨胀系数为负值,随着温度的升高,其热膨胀系数的绝对值单调增加,室温热膨胀系数为-3.64×10~(-6)K~(-1);2)简谐近似下的格林艾森参量为零.考虑到非简谐项后,格林艾森参量在1.40-1.42之间并随温度升高而缓慢增大,几乎成线性关系,第二非简谐项对格林艾森参量的影响小于第一非简谐项;3)石墨烯声子弛豫时间随着温度的升高而减小,其中,温度很低(T10 K)时变化很快,此后变化很慢,当温度不太低(T300 K)时,声子弛豫时间与温度几乎成反比关系.     

表面增强激光拉曼光谱测定豆制品中的碱性嫩黄Ⅱ、碱性橙Ⅱ、皂黄

以表面增强激光拉曼光谱技术快速检测了豆制品中碱性嫩黄Ⅱ、碱性橙Ⅱ和皂黄的含量,并以高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行了确证。优化出最佳提取溶剂为甲醇-水(7+3)溶液,样品前处理采用快速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化,对ASE和GPC条件进行了优化,提高了提取效率、检测灵敏度、减少提取溶剂用量并且有效去除了基质中大分子的干扰物。对三种色素的表面增强拉曼谱中的特征峰进行了归属认证。碱性嫩黄Ⅱ、碱性橙Ⅱ和皂黄的定量特征峰分别为652,995和983 cm-1;方法检出限为3.0,1.0和4.0 mg·kg-1。三种色素定量特征峰与色素浓度呈良好的线性关系,实验的回收率在83.48%～92.59%范围内,相对标准偏差小于7.2%。该方法新颖、前处理、设备操作简单、分析速度快、重现性好、灵敏度高,成功的对食品中色素进行了定性和定量测定,为食品中色素的检测提供了可靠的参考。     

Image segmentation based on hierarchical belief propagation with variable weighting parameters

The belief propagation (BP) algorithm is an efficient way to minimize the MRF energy for image segmentation. This paper proposes a hierarchical BP algorithm with variable weighting parameters (HBP-VW) to improve the segmentation accuracy of the BP-based algorithms. In the HBP-VW, two variable weighting parameters are introduced, the global parameter and the local parameter. The global parameter is used to overall adjust the influence of each part in the message update rule. The local parameter is designed to describe the local texture pattern for each site. Texture, remote sensing, and nature images are employed to test the proposed algorithm. Experimental results illustrate a better segmentation accuracy compared with other BP-based algorithms.     

Propagation of elliptical Gaussian beam passing through apertured paraxial optical systems

The propagation of elliptical Gaussian beam passing through paraxial optical systems with aperture is investigated analytically by using tensor method. The approximate formula for propagation of elliptical Gaussian beam through hard apertured optical systems is derived based on the fact that the circ function can be expanded into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions. The derived formula provides a convenient tool for treating the propagation and transformation of elliptical Gaussian beam through apertured optical systems. As an application example, the propagation properties of elliptical Gaussian beam through apertured fractional Fourier systems are discussed.     

利用速度图像巧解方波电场问题

对有关带电粒子以初速度垂直于电场方向进入方波电场的曲线运动问题进行分析和拓展,探究这类疑难问题巧妙的解答方法.     

激光惯性约束聚变中光学汤姆逊散射研究进展

当前,激光惯性约束聚变在越来越接近点火的极端能量密度条件下,实验与模拟的偏离逐渐增大,一个关键原因是缺乏对黑腔等离子体状态及其影响黑腔能量学和内爆对称性的细致研究和判断。光学汤姆逊散射主动式、诊断精确、参数完备的优点,使之成为激光惯性约束聚变黑腔等离子体状态参数精密诊断的标准方法。中国面向激光惯性约束聚变研究的光学汤姆逊散射实验技术的发展与神光系列激光装置的建设和在其上开展的物理实验紧密相关。近年来,四倍频汤姆逊散射实验技术在神光III原型和100 kJ激光装置上相继建立,部分实验结果不仅加深了对激光惯性约束聚变靶物理的认识,还反映了实验条件对汤姆逊散射诊断的影响,促进了实验技术的精密化发展。在未来,还需要进一步发展多支路汤姆逊散射、五倍频汤姆逊散射和超热相干汤姆逊散射等新技术,面向点火黑腔条件,大幅提升激光等离子体状态参数的诊断精度,开展新物理机制的探索和研究,在激光惯性约束聚变和其他高能量密度物理科学领域发挥更重要的作用。