Polyphenyl macrocyclic oligophenylenes

The Diels-Alder reaction of tribenzohexadehydro[12]annulene (12) and 3,4-diphenyl-2,5-dimethylcyclopentadienone (13) at 300 degrees C gave the triple adduct 2,3,10,11,18,19-hexaphenyl-1,4,9,12,17,20-hexamethylhexa-o-phenylene (6b) in 13% yield. NMR and X-ray analysis indicated that 6b adopts a screw conformation (C2) rather than a crown conformation (C3), and computational studies seem to rule out any interconversion of the two. Palladium-catalyzed coupling of 1,2-bis(4-bromophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylbenzene (17) and the corresponding bis(boronic acid) 18 gave a mixture of linear and cyclic oligomers of hexaphenylbenzene containing two to six hexaphenylbenzene subunits. A macrocyclic tetramer was isolated from this mixture in 5% yield, and X-ray analysis showed it to be the "supertetraphenylene" 7 (C168H112) that contains a large central cavity and packs to form highly solvated, porous crystals. The difficulties encountered in the purification of 7 led to the development of alternative, more highly selective syntheses that give the pure macrocycle more easily but in essentially the same overall yield.     

Sterically congested in-methylcyclophanes

The crowded in-methylcyclophane 9 was prepared by condensation of 1,8,13-tris(bromomethyl)-9-methyltriptycene and 1,3,5-tris(mercaptomethyl)benzene under high dilution conditions. Oxidation of 9 gave the highly crystalline trisulfone 10, and its X-ray structure was determined. The in-methyl carbon atoms of the two independent molecules in the structure are only 2.90 and 2.87 A from the centroid of the basal aromatic ring, the closest such contacts ever observed. In addition, the C-CH3 bonds in these cyclophanes are compressed; the two independent bond distances are 1.475 and 1.495 A, significantly shorter than the ca. 1.54 A distances found in similar but uncongested molecules.     

Stereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted 2,5-dihydrofurans from reaction of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-dienes with aldehydes

[reaction: see text] Reaction of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-diene derivatives with 2 equiv of aldehydes affords polysubstituted 2,5-dihydrofurans in good to high yields with perfect regio- and stereoselectivities. Hexa-2,4-diene-1,6-dialcoholates are proposed as the first intermediates, which undergo a cyclization and subsequent elimination of Li(2)O to generate the 2,5-dihydrofuran derivatives.     

Silica nanoparticles induce multinucleation through activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and downregulation of chromosomal passenger proteins in L-02 cells

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are applicable in various fields due to their unique physicochemical characteristics. However, concerns over their potential adverse effects have been raised. In our previous studies, we reported that SNPs could induce abnormal high incidence of multinucleation. The aim of this study is to further investigate the mechanisms of multinucleation induced by SNPs (68 nm) in human normal liver L-02 cells (L-02 cells). In order to determine the cytotoxicity of SNPs, MTT assay was performed, and the cell viability was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected by flow cytometry and multinucleation observed by Giemsa stain showed that ROS generation and rate of multinucleated cells increased after SNPs exposure. N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor against SNP-induced toxicity, was used as a ROS inhibitor to elucidate the relationship between ROS and multinucleation. The presence of NAC resulted in inhibition of both ROS generation and rate of multinucleation. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that the protein levels of Cdc20, Aurora B, and Survivin were down-regulated, and the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway was activated by SNPs. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggested that multinucleation induced by SNPs was related to PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signal pathway activation and downregulation of G2/M phase-related protein and chromosomal passenger proteins.     

金属有机框架材料UiO-67富集净化牛奶中孕激素残留北大核心CSCD

该文制备了一种比表面积大、稳定性好的金属有机框架材料(MOF)UiO-67,将其用于复杂牛奶基质中痕量孕激素的富集和净化。结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道离子阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS),建立了同时测定牛奶中7种孕激素残留的检测方法。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对UiO-67吸附孕激素后的元素谱图进行测试分析,通过对比结合能和官能团相对含量的变化证明了UiO-67与孕激素间发生了化学作用,并研究了UiO-67对1 mg/L和5 mg/L孕激素的吸附效果。考察并优化了吸附剂用量、洗脱溶剂类型和pH值等关键参数,评价了基质效应对孕激素质谱信号的影响。优化结果显示,选择吸附剂用量为40 mg,在样品溶液pH值为5时,用5 mL丙酮洗脱目标物就可获得满意的回收率。基质效应在20%之内,可忽略不计。在优化条件下,7种孕激素在1~100μg/L范围内线性相关性良好,相关系数均达到0.99以上,方法的检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.06~0.30μg/L和0.19~1.0μg/L;在不同添加水平下,回收率为87.10%~105.58%,相对标准偏差为2.66%~9.64%。方法成功应用于实际牛奶样品中孕激素的测定,结果与SN/T 1980-2007标准得到的结果具有良好的吻合度。相比较已报道的牛奶中孕激素前处理技术和检测方法,该方法具有较高的灵敏度和满意的回收率,为今后这类材料在复杂基质中有毒有害物质的富集检测提供了新的借鉴思路。     

1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮衍生中药寡糖的毛细管区带电泳分离

建立了一种可用于中药寡糖分离的毛细管区带电泳(CZE)分析方法。分离条件: 未涂层熔融石英毛细管柱(48 cm×50 μm,有效长度38 cm),紫外检测波长245 nm,采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)为寡糖衍生试剂,50 mmol/L磷酸盐溶液(pH 2.5)为运行缓冲液,电压15 kV,重力进样10 cm×2 s。针对中药寡糖实际样品的复杂性,通过添加多种常见单糖进行方法的实用性验证,并且将方法用于板蓝根多糖的控制降解产物的分离。结果表明,板蓝根寡糖组分可按相对分子质量从小到大的顺序分离,分离效果令人满意。该分离方法操作简单、高效,可用于中药寡糖实际样品分析。另外,还对单糖、寡糖PMP衍生物的电泳迁移行为进行了初步的理论探讨。     

Microwave-accelerated derivatization prior to GC-MS determination of sex hormones

A new microwave-accelerated derivatization method was developed for rapid determination of 13 natural sex hormones in feeds. Sex hormones were isolated from the sample matrix by ultrasonic extraction, followed by solid-phase extraction, derivatized under microwave irradiation, and then analyzed directly by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The key parameters affecting derivatization efficiency, including microwave irradiation time, microwave power, and reaction solvent were studied. Under microwave power of 360 W and microwave irradiation for 3 min, 13 natural sex hormones were simultaneously derivatized using heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFBA) as derivatization reagent. This method was applied to the determination of 13 natural sex hormones in different feed samples, and the obtained results were compared with those obtained by the traditional thermal derivatization. The recoveries from 58.1 to 111% were obtained at sex hormone concentrations of 10-300 μg/kg with RSDs ≤12.0%. The results showed that the proposed method was fast, simple, efficient and can be applied to the determination of 13 natural sex hormones in different feed samples.     

自由基促进硫甲基取代的炔酮的环化反应

硫代吡喃酮是一种重要的结构骨架, 广泛存在于天然产物、潜在药物及生物活性分子中. 因此, 发展简洁、高效构建硫代吡喃酮的合成方法具有重要意义. 发展了一种自由基促进的硫甲基取代炔酮的加成环化反应来构建硫代吡喃酮环的新方法. 该方法具有底物适用性广, 一系列自由基前体如二苯基膦氧、硫酚、醛等都可以在该反应体系中实现转化. 机理研究表明, 自由基前体对炔酮的选择性加成得到C(sp ²)自由基中间体, 该中间体促进的C(sp ²)—S键构建及C(sp ³)—S键断裂是关键步骤.     

Base-catalyzed diborylation of alkynes: synthesis and applications of cis-1,2-bis(boryl)alkenes

An efficient, transition-metal free, and practical approach to cis-bis(boryl)alkenes from various alkynes was disclosed in the presence of a catalytic amount of K_2CO_3 under mild conditions. Meanwhile, tetrasubstituted alkenes and phenanthrene derivatives were readily constructed from the target diborylalkenes via Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling.