Preparation of highly ordered mesoporous AlSBA-15-SO3H hybrid material for the catalytic synthesis of chalcone under solvent-free condition

Single-step preparation of SBA-15 materials functionalized with both propylsulfonic acid groups and aluminum species (AlSBA-15-SO₃H) was carried out by hydrothermal treatment of a mixture of aluminum isopropoxide, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, and triblock copolymer surfactant. At Si/Al molar ratio of 11-96, the materials exhibited well-ordered hexagonally arranged mesopores with pore diameter of ca. 9 nm, BET surface area of 546.9-666.0 m² g⁻¹, and pore volume of 0.82-1.03 cm³ g⁻¹. As-prepared AlSBA-15-SO₃H was successfully used in the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of benzaldehyde with acetophenone to produce chalcone under solvent-free condition, and the influence of the reaction parameters including temperatures, molar ratios of BZD to APN, and aluminum loadings were considered during the chalcone synthesis procedure. It showed that AlSBA-15-SO₃H exhibited significantly high catalytic activity and selectivity, outperforming the reference catalysts such as sulfuric acid, ZSM-5, and acidic MCM-49. In addition, the catalytic stability and regeneration of AlSBA-15-SO₃H was studied.     

Stochastic calculus for Markov processes associated with non-symmetric Dirichlet forms

Nakao’s stochastic integrals for continuous additive functionals of zero energy are extended from the symmetric Dirichlet forms setting to the non-symmetric Dirichlet forms setting.It? ’s formula in terms of the extended stochastic integrals is obtained.     

一类函数增量的局部渐近性质

文章研究了一类函数增量的局部渐近性质,发现这类函数增量的局部渐近性对于一元实函数,二元及多元实函数,向量值函数和复函数在一定条件下都会保持不变,进而提出了两个相关的猜想:此类函数增量的渐近性是关于函数变换的拓扑不变量。     

Multifractal Analysis of Dimension Spectrum in Non-uniformly Hyperbolic Systems

Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics - We study the multifractal analysis of dimension spectrum for almost additive potentials in a class of one-dimensional non-uniformly hyperbolic dynamic systems.     

Double-slit diffraction of terahertz wave generated by tilted-pulse-front pumping

We propose a spatial diffraction diagnostic method via inserting a millimeter-gap double slit into the collimated terahertz beam to monitor the minute variation of the terahertz beam in strong-field terahertz sources, which is difficult to be resolved in conventional terahertz imaging systems. To verify the method, we intentionally fabricate tiny variations of the terahertz beam through tuning the iris for the infrared pumping beam before the tilted-pulse-front pumping setups.The phenomena can be well explained by the theory based on the tilted-pulse-front technique and terahertz diffraction.     

A Linear Frequency Principle Model to Understand the Absence of Overfitting in Neural Networks

Why heavily parameterized neural networks(NNs) do not overfit the data is an important long standing open question. We propose a phenomenological model of the NN training to explain this non-overfitting puzzle. Our linear frequency principle(LFP) model accounts for a key dynamical feature of NNs: they learn low frequencies first, irrespective of microscopic details. Theory based on our LFP model shows that low frequency dominance of target functions is the key condition for the non-overfitting of NNs and is verified by experiments. Furthermore,through an ideal two-layer NN, we unravel how detailed microscopic NN training dynamics statistically gives rise to an LFP model with quantitative prediction power.     

Unusual Normal and Superconducting State Properties Observed in Hydrothermal Fe_(1-δ)Se Flakes

The electronic and superconducting properties of Fe_(1-δ)Se single-crystal flakes grown hydrothermally are studied by the transport measurements under zero and high magnetic fields up to 38.5 T. The results contrast sharply with those previously reported for nematically ordered Fe Se by chemical-vapor-transport(CVT) growth. No signature of the electronic nematicity, but an evident metal-to-nonmetal crossover with increasing temperature,is detected in the normal state of the present hydrothermal samples. Interestingly, a higher superconducting critical temperature T_c of 13.2 K is observed compared to a suppressed T_c of 9 K in the presence of the nematicity in the CVT Fe Se. Moreover, the upper critical field in the zero-temperature limit is found to be isotropic with respect to the field direction and to reach a higher value of ~42 T, which breaks the Pauli limit by a factor of 1.8.     

Nonlocal Effects of Low-Energy Excitations in Quantum-Spin-Liquid Candidate Cu_3Zn(OH)_6FBr

We systematically study the low-temperature specific heats for the two-dimensional kagome antiferromagnet,Cu_3Zn(OH)_6FBr.The specific heat exhibits a T~(1.7) dependence at low temperatures and a shoulder-like feature above it.We construct a microscopic lattice model of Z_2 quantum spin liquid and perform large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations to show that the above behaviors come from the contributions from gapped anyons and magnetic impurities.Surprisingly,we find the entropy associated with the shoulder decreases quickly with grain size d,although the system is paramagnetic to the lowest temperature.While this can be simply explained by a core-shell picture in that the contribution from the interior state disappears near the surface,the 5.9-nm shell width precludes any trivial explanations.Such a large length scale signifies the coherence length of the nonlocality of the quantum entangled excitations in quantum spin liquid candidate,similar to Pippard's coherence length in superconductors.Our approach therefore offers a new experimental probe of the intangible quantum state of matter with topological order.