Synthesis and characterization of trialkyltin esters of pyridinecarboxylic acids and crystal structure of [nBu3SnO2CC5H4N‐2]∞

Reactions of trialkyltin oxides with 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐pyridinecarboxylic acids in 1:1 stoichiometry yield 10 corressponding trialkyltin esters R₃SnO₂CC₅H₄N. All compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H, ¹¹³C, and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR. The crystal structure of tributyltin ester of 2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid is determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In this compound, the tin atom is rendered five‐coordinate in a trigonal bipyramidal structure by coordinating with 2‐pyridinecarboxylate group. The resulting structure is a linear polymer containing Sn O bonds (0.2278(5) and 0.2308(6) nm). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:524–529, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20057     

Transition metal-catalyzed organic reactions in undivided electrochemical cells

Transition metal-catalyzed organic electrochemistry is a rapidly growing research area owing in part to the ability of metal catalysts to alter the selectivity of a given transformation. This conversion mainly focuses on transition metal-catalyzed anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction and great progress has been achieved in both areas. Typically, only one of the half-cell reactions is involved in the organic reaction while a sacrificial reaction occurs at the counter electrode, which is inherently wasteful since one electrode is not being used productively. Recently, transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis that makes use of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction has attracted much attention. This perspective highlights the recent progress of each type of electrochemical reaction and relatively focuses on the transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis, showcasing that electrochemical reactions involving transition metal catalysis have advantages over conventional reactions in terms of controlling the reaction activity and selectivity and figuring out that transition metal-catalyzed paired electrolysis is an important direction of organic electrochemistry in the future and offers numerous opportunities for new and improved organic reaction methods.

Transition metal-catalyzed organic electrochemistry is a rapidly growing research area owing in part to the ability of metal catalysts to alter the selectivity of a given transformation.     

A MODEL OF FISSION

Mass and kinetic energy distribution of fragments in thermal-neutron in-duced fission of ²³⁵U are calculated by a α decay-like model. Besides Coulomb andnuclear interactions, the deformation and intrinsic excitation energies of fragments arealso taken into account.     

光泵分子气体远红外光谱的AC Stark效应

本文应用图论法研究光泵激光气体分子的波谱特性。假定了:1.分子与外来信号场相互作用输运过程中只涉及到六个能级;2.泵场强远大于探测场强。在这些假定下求解密度矩阵方程,获得一套反映受激分子波谱特性的解析表达式。应用这些表达式,可求得不同频率的泵场作用下分子气体的远红外波谱特性。本文特别叙述分子振动基态远红外光谱的AC aStark效应。结果表明:在谐振点AC aStark分裂的值与C.H.Townes所得结果基本相同,在受激发射和吸收共存的情况下,特性曲线的总趋向与他的结果基本一致。调谐曲线有些部份反映发射特性,有些部份反映吸收特性,在发射和吸收的过渡部份,吸收和发射都很小,而且具有特殊的过渡特性。     

Neumann随机有限元的一种推广形式

针对Monte—Carlo随机有限元,研究在多样本环境下如何提高单样本计算效率的问题。证明了关于线性问题Neumann随机有限元法的算法与线性系统的等刚度迭代法是一致的;在此基础上,将迭代效率更高的算法一预处理共轭梯度法引入线性Monte—Carlo随机有限元系统,建立了相应的有限元列式;最后,利用两个算例比较了本方法与Neumann随机有限元法,结果显示随着随机变量离散度的增大,Neumann法的计算效率急剧下降,而本方法的计算效率表现稳定;对于离散度不太大的随机变量,Neumann法已经不收敛,而本方法在随机变量离散度很大的情况下,仍然保持很好的收敛性。     

An azo-isomerization-induced Freedericksz transition of a nematic liquid crystal

We observed an azo-isomerization-induced Freedericksz transition of the 5CB liquid crystal doped with 1% double-azo. In experiment, we found that the Freedericksz transition threshold occurred at optical intensity level of 0.3 mW/mm² for the 12.5 μm-thickness planar alignment doped 5CB, which is four orders of magnitude lower as that for the pure 5CB. Using optical phase retardation, we measured the relations between the Freedericksz transition threshold and the pump beam polarization. The maximum twist angle of liquid crystal molecules under different pump beam intensity is given. The experiment indicated that trans–cis isomerization plays an important role in the decrease of the Freedericksz transition threshold.     

有机分子束外延技术与研究进展

本介绍了超高真空分子束外延生长有机薄膜的技术及基研究进展,讨论了外延材料的纯化过程和杂质对外延薄膜的影响;从理论和实验观点评论了薄膜的生长性质和膜的有序结构。超高真空有机分子束外延技术是一种多用途的高技术,可以生长有机、无机、有机／无机混和的薄膜结构。这种薄膜结构是示来光学和电子器件有希望应用的新一类工程材料。     

临界电流测量中的影响因素的研究

我们采用直流四引线法对银包套的Ｂｉ２－ｘＰｂｘＳｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｙ,（Ａｇ－Ｂｉ２２２３）带材进行了临界电流的测量研究了外加磁场和电流扫描速度对临界电流的影响结果表明,电流扫描速度和磁场增加使临界电流减小,并且磁场增加使Ｖ－Ｉ曲线对加电流速度的敏感程度发生变化利用电动力学方程和磁通玻璃态蠕动机制对实验结果进行了解释,将磁场、温度、磁通钉扎强度对约化临界电流的影响归结成单一的临界电流参数ｎ的影响,和实验结果符合得比较满意．１引言 临界电流密度Ｊｃ是表征技术应用超导材料性能的主要参量之一,也是表征…     

Water-stable hydrazone-linked porous organic cages

Although porous organic cages (POCs), particularly imine-linked (C N) ones, have advanced significantly over the last few decades, the reversible nature of imine linkages makes them prone to hydrolysis and structural collapse, severely limiting their applications under moist or water conditions. Herein, seven water-stable hydrazone-linked (C N–N) POCs are prepared through a simple coupling of the same supramolecular tetraformylresorcin[4]arene cavitand with different dihydrazide linkers. Their structures are all determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, demonstrating rich structural diversity from the [2 + 4] lantern, [3 + 6] triangular prism, and unprecedented [4 + 8] square prism to the extra-large [6 + 12] octahedron. In addition, they respectively exhibit tunable window diameters and cavity volumes ranging from about 5.4 to 11.1 nm and 580 to 6800 ų. Moreover, their application in the water environment for pollutant removal was explored, indicating that they can effectively eliminate various types of contaminants from water, including radionuclide waste, toxic heavy metal ions, and organic micropollutants. This work demonstrates a convenient method for rationally constructing versatile robust POCs and presents their great application potentialities in water medium.

A convenient method for constructing water-stable hydrazone-linked porous organic cages (POCs) with tunable structures has been reported, and such POCs can be used as robust adsorbents for effective removal of various pollutants from water.     

An Adaptive Deblurring Vehicle Detection Method for High-Speed Moving Drones: Resistance to Shake

Vehicle detection is an essential part of an intelligent traffic system, which is an important research field in drone application. Because unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are rarely configured with stable camera platforms, aerial images are easily blurred. There is a challenge for detectors to accurately locate vehicles in blurred images in the target detection process. To improve the detection performance of blurred images, an end-to-end adaptive vehicle detection algorithm (DCNet) for drones is proposed in this article. First, the clarity evaluation module is used to determine adaptively whether the input image is a blurred image using improved information entropy. An improved GAN called Drone-GAN is proposed to enhance the vehicle features of blurred images. Extensive experiments were performed, the results of which show that the proposed method can detect both blurred and clear images well in poor environments (complex illumination and occlusion). The detector proposed achieves larger gains compared with SOTA detectors. The proposed method can enhance the vehicle feature details in blurred images effectively and improve the detection accuracy of blurred aerial images, which shows good performance with regard to resistance to shake.