霍尔漂移对阳极层霍尔等离子体加速器电离效率的影响

以洛伦兹变换方法为基础,分析了阳极层霍尔等离子体加速器中电子的霍尔漂移,结果表明在交叉场中,霍尔漂移并不总是存在的,E/B的比值大于光速时,霍尔漂移将不存在.进一步的分析表明,霍尔漂移也并不总是回旋形式的,不同的电磁场配置以及不同的电子初始能量将带来不同形式的漂移,包括回旋形式,波浪线形式,甚至直线形式.电磁场的配置也决定着霍尔漂移的速度,在很大程度上影响着电子的能量,这就决定了放电时的电离效率.对不同电磁场配置进行数值模拟发现,合理的电磁场比值能够得到更好的电离效率(对于氩,这个数值大约为4×10⁶).不同的气体,根据其电离碰撞截面与电子能量的关系,都有不同的合理比值.     

斜磁场作用下碰撞电负性等离子体鞘层的玻姆判据

采用流体模型研究了外加斜磁场作用下的碰撞电负性等离子体鞘层的玻姆判据, 讨论了负离子和磁场对鞘层玻姆判据的影响. 研究结果表明: 在电负性鞘层中, 正离子更容易进入鞘层, 负离子的存在只能影响离子马赫数取值的下限; 而外加磁场可以使离子马赫数的取值范围整体发生移动.     

大口径多层介质膜光栅衍射效率测量及其在制作工艺中的应用

多层介质膜光栅是高功率激光系统的关键光学元件.为了满足国内强激光系统的迫切需求, 在大口径多层介质膜光栅的研制过程中,建立了单波长自准直条件下的衍射效率测量方法及其误差分析. 结果表明误差主要由探测器的噪声和测试人员的差异产生,对衍射效率测试精度的影响是±1%. 在此基础上,将光栅衍射效率及其分布测量技术应用于光栅制作工艺中, 作为大口径光栅无损检测的一种手段,如判断光栅掩模是否能进行离子束刻蚀、 离子束刻蚀的在线监测和是否需要再刻蚀,从而实现对大口径多层介质膜光栅离子束刻蚀过程的定量、 科学控制,提高了离子束刻蚀光栅制作工艺的成功率.利用上述技术,已成功研制出多块最大尺寸为 430 mm× 350 mm、线密度1740线/mm、平均衍射效率大于95%的多层介质膜光栅. 实验结果表明,该方法操作简单、测量快速准确,不必检测光栅微结构. 为大口径多层介质膜光栅研制的无损检测工程化奠定了基础.     

HgMnTe磁性二维电子气自旋-轨道和交换相互作用研究

通过分析不同温度下HgMnTe磁性二维电子气Shubnikov-de Hass（SdH）振荡的拍频现象，研究了量子阱中电子自旋 轨道相互作用和spd交换相互作用.结果表明：（1）在零磁场下，电子的自旋 轨道相互作用导致电子发生零场自旋分裂；（2）在弱磁场下，电子的自旋-轨道相互作用占主导地位，并受Landau分裂和Zeeman分裂的影响，电子的自旋分裂随磁场增加而减小；（3）在高磁场下，电子的spd交换相互作用达到饱和，电子的自旋分裂主要表现为Zeeman分裂.实验证明了当电子的Zeeman分裂能量与零场 关键词： 磁性二维电子气 Zeeman分裂 Rashba自旋分裂     

消化-石油醚提取氢化物-原子荧光光谱法测定食用油中砷

采用消化 -石油醚提取方法处理食用调味油样品 ,以氢化物 -原子荧光光谱法测定砷 ,研究了样品的处理方法、线性关系及检出限 ,建立了快速测定食用调味油中砷含量的原子荧光光谱法。相对标准偏差小于1.79% ,加标回收率 96 .7%— 10 3.8%。     

Optimization‐free superoscillatory lens using phase and amplitude masks

A superoscillatory focusing lens has been experimentally demonstrated by optimizing Fresnel zone plates (FZP), with limited physical insight as to how the lens feature contributes to the focal formation. It is therefore imperative to establish a generalized viable account for both FZP (amplitude mask) and binary optics (phase mask). Arbitrary superoscillatory spots can now be customized and realized by a realistic optical device, without using optimization. It is counterintuitively found that high spatial frequency with small amplitude and destructive interference are favorable in superfocusing of a superoscillation pattern. The inevitably high sidelobe is pushed 15λ away from the central subwavelength spot, resulting in significantly enlarged field of view for viable imaging applications. This work therefore not only reveals the explicit physical role of any given metallic/dielectric rings but also provides an alternative design roadmap of superresolution imaging. The robust method is readily applicable in superthin longitudinally polarized needle light, quantum physics and information theory.     

Three‐dimensional visible‐light capsule enclosing perfect supersized darkness via antiresolution

Supersized darkness in three dimensions surrounded by all light in free space is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally in the visible regime. The object staying in the darkness is similar to staying in an empty light capsule because light just bypasses it by resorting to destructive interference. A binary‐optical system is designed and fabricated based on achieving antiresolution (AR), by which electromagnetic energy flux avoids and bends smoothly around a nearly perfect darkness region. AR remains an unexplored topic hitherto, in contrast to the super‐resolution for realizing high spatial resolution. This novel scheme replies on smearing out the point spread function and thus poses less stringent limitations upon the object's size and position since the created dark (zero‐field) area reach 8 orders of magnitude larger than λ² in cross‐sectional size. It functions very well with arbitrarily polarized beams in three dimensions, which is also frequency scalable in the whole electromagnetic spectrum.