近红外无创生化分析中集光椭球反射镜参数设计与优化

近红外光谱技术检测速度快,不破坏样品,可在线分析,是血液无创生化分析能够获得应用的最具潜力的方法之一。但是由于人体血液的吸收光谱信号微弱,而常规光谱仪器在近红外无创生化分析中的光能利用率较低,给无创检测技术应用在临床分析上带来了困难。为了解决此问题,利用椭球反射镜的聚光特性,从几何光学角度出发,分析了椭球镜像点位置分布情况,并采用光线追迹方法优化其初始结构,从而将手指漫反射光高效收集到探测器上。通过仿真分析计算,该椭球反射镜的光能利用率比常规无收集装置的利用率提高了近5倍,增强了仪器检测血液吸收光谱信号的能力,有助于提高仪器信噪比。     

超微氧化镧填充聚丙烯恒温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热法测定了超微氧化镧填充聚丙烯恒温结晶过程中热焓的变化。结果表明,Avrami指数基本上不受氧化镧的影响,超微氧化镧的加入增加了晶核的数目并使结晶速度常数增加三倍左右,结晶活化能和晶格内垂直于分子链方向单位面积的自由能降低幅度并不大。     

环氧树脂／酚酞聚醚醚砜共混物的相行为

酚酞聚醚醚砜(PES-c)同未交联的双酚A二缩水甘油醚(DGEBA)环氧树脂的共混物呈单一的玻璃化转变温度,其相容性主要归因于混合熵的贡献。PES-C同交联的环氧树脂之间的相容性与所用的固化剂有关。以胺类作DGEBA的固化剂时,共混物不发生相分离;以酸酐作固化剂时,共混物发生相分离。     

稀土氧化物对聚丙烯等温结晶动力学的影响

本文用差示扫描量热法测定了3种稀土氧化物对聚丙烯等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明,Avrami方程指数n、成核机理、晶体生长方式以及结晶晶型基本上不受稀土氧化物的影响。少量稀土氧化物可使结晶晶格垂直于分子链方向单位面积的界面自由能降低,结晶速率加大,其中Y_2O_3的效果最为显著,La_2O_3效果最低,混合稀土的作用效果与Y_2O_3相似。填加1wt%的Y_2O_3可使聚丙烯的结晶速度常数增大一个数量级。     

聚环氧乙烷(PE0)与聚双酚A羟基醚(PBHE)共混体系的研究

用偏光显微镜(PLM)、扭辫(TBA)、IR及WAXD对PEO/PBHE共混体系结晶形态进行了研究。结果表明,PEO含量在50％以上的共混体系,几乎完全被PEO球晶充满,非晶态PBHE作为微区分散在大球晶之间或球晶之中。PEO含量为40％和30％的照片上呈现树枝晶。PEO含量为20％以下时照片中不再看到结晶出现,PEO与PBHE形成单一非晶相。PEO/PBHE共混体系的组分之间存在着氢键相互作用,这种作用强于PBHE分子间的氢键作用。共混体系的结晶度及T_g随PBHE组分含量的增加,前者减小后者增加并符合FOX方程揭示的规律。PEO与PBHE具有很好的相容性。     

Comparison of general rate model with a new model--artificial neural network model in describing chromatographic kinetics of solanesol adsorption in packed column by macroporous resins

Herein, two models, the general rate model taking into account convection, axial dispersion, external and intra-particle mass transfer resistances and particle size distribution (PSD) and the artificial neural network model (ANN) were developed to describe solanesol adsorption process in packed column using macroporous resins. First, Static equilibrium experiments and kinetic experiments in packed column were carried out respectively to obtain experimental data. By fitting static experimental data, Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm were estimated, and the former one was used in simulation coupled with general rate model considering better correlative coefficients. The simulated results showed that theoretical predictions of general rate model with PSD were well consistent with experimental data. Then, a new model, the ANN model, was developed to describe present adsorption process in packed column. The encouraging simulated results showed that ANN model could describe present system even better than general rate model. At last, by using the predictive ability of ANN model, the influence of each experimental parameter was investigated. Predicted results showed that with the increases of particle porosity and the ratio of bed height to inner column diameter (ROHD), the breakthrough time was delayed. On the contrary, an increase in feed concentration, flow rate, mean particle diameter and bed porosity decreased the breakthrough time.     

SP700大孔树脂纯化酸枣仁中三萜总皂苷的研究

从7种极性不同的大孔树脂中筛选出一种对酸枣仁三萜总皂苷具有良好吸附和解吸性能的树脂—三菱SP700树脂。静态实验中,该树脂的最高吸附容量可达131.0mg皂苷/g树脂,皂苷在树脂表面的吸附符合Langmuir模型,用体积分数为90%的乙醇解吸得率最高可达97.8%;动态实验中,样液在膨胀床模式下上样,树脂的平均动态吸附容量为15mg皂苷/g树脂,上样后,用体积分数分别为50%和90%的乙醇溶液进行分段洗脱,洗脱得率最高可达到95.1%,经过纯化的皂苷提取物的含量提高了4倍。SP700大孔吸附树脂作为一种对酸枣仁中三萜总皂苷进行纯化的介质具有良好的性能和应用价值。     

阻隔材料的气体渗透率

对气体渗透阻隔材料的渗透率与气体温度、气体压强的关系进行了理论分析,得到了在不同温度和气体压强条件下渗透率的加速因子的计算式,理论计算结果与相关文献中实验测量结果比较一致。根据加速条件下进行的水蒸气、氧气和二氧化碳对聚对苯二甲酸（PET）和环氧树脂渗透率测量的结果,计算得到在常温常压条件下这些气体对0.155 mm厚PET塑料的渗透率和对0.065 mm厚环氧树脂的渗透率。     

Miscible blends containing a crystallizable component: poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethyleneimine)

Blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAI) with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) were prepared by casting from a common solvent. All blends show a single, composition dependent glass transition temperature (T_g), indicating that the blends are miscible in the amorphous state and in the melt. The overall crystallization rate of PVAI in the blend decreases with increasing PEI content. The crystallinity index of PVAI in the blend does not decrease greatly with PEI content up to a composition of 70/30 PVAI/PEI, since the T_g of the crystallizable component PVAI is larger than that of the non-crystallizable component PEI. The T_g of the system PVAI/PEI decreases with increasing PEI content. The interaction parameter B of the two polymers in the melt was found to be −24 J/cm³.