两个手性氧钒配合物[VO(Naph-Leu)(OMe)(CH3OH)] 和[VO(Naph-Phe)(OMe)(CH3OH)] 的合成、晶体结构和光谱表征

合成了2个新的手性L-亮氨酸萘酚醛和L-苯丙氨酸萘酚醛希夫碱氧钒配合物, [VO(Naph-Leu)(OMe)(CH₃OH)] (1)和[VO(Naph-Phe)(OMe)(CH₃OH)] (2)。X-射线单晶衍射分析表明, 1晶体属于正交晶系, P2₁2₁2空间群, 晶胞参数为:a=0.946 80(8) nm, b=3.246 3(3) nm, c=0.662 37(5) nm, V=2.035 9(3) nm³, Z=4, F(000)=864, R₁=0.046 3, wR₂=0.112 7, S=1.076。2晶体属于单斜晶系, P2₁空间群, 晶胞参数为:a=1.113 41(11) nm, b=0.724 09(6) nm, c=1.342 99(12) nm, V=1.047 95(16) nm³, Z=2, F(000)=464, R₁=0.035 8, wR₂=0.088 8, S=1.024。测定了它们的红外光谱、紫外光谱和圆二色光谱, 讨论了紫外吸收光谱和圆二色光谱性质。     

高效液相色谱法同时检测化妆品中两种亚硝基物质

建立了同时测定化妆品中4-亚硝基苯酚和1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍两种亚硝基类禁用物质的高效液相色谱方法。化妆品样品经溶剂超声提取,经Fortis-C18柱分离,二极管阵列检测器(DAD)检测,保留时间定性,外标法定量。实验结果表明:该方法在0.5～10μg/mL浓度范围内,两种物质均具有良好的线性响应,方法对4-亚硝基苯酚和1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍的检出限均为20ng/g,在三个添加水平下的平均回收率分别在94.14%～102.8%和96.3%～104.1%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)均<3.5%。     

Highly porous magnetite/graphene nanocomposites for a solid-state electrochemiluminescence sensor on paper-based chips

Graphene-nanosheet-based highly porous magnetite nanocomposites (GN-HPMNs) have been prepared using a simple solvothermal method and used as an immobilization matrix for the fabrication of a solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor on paper-based chips. Highly porous Fe₃O₄ nanocrystal clusters were coated with acrylate and wrapped tightly on the skeleton of graphene nanosheets. The structures and sizes of the GN-HPMNs could be tuned by varying the proportions of the solvents ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. Then, the relatively highly porous ones with an average diameter of about 65 nm were combined with Nafion to form composite films on an electrode surface for immobilization of Ru(bpy)₃ ²⁺ (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine). Because of their porosity, negatively charged surface, and cooperative characteristics of magnetic nanomaterials and graphene, under an external magnetic field, the GN-HPMNs ensured effective immobilization, excellent electron transfer, and long-term stability of Ru(bpy)₃ ²⁺ in the composite film. The sensor developed exhibited excellent reproducibility with a relative standard deviation of 0.65 % for 30 continuous cycles. It was found to be much more favorable for detecting compounds containing tertiary amino groups and DNAs with guanine and adenine. A detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 5.0 nM was obtained for tripropylamine. As an application example, 0.5 nM single-nucleotide mismatch could be detected. This was the first attempt to introduce magnetic nanomaterials and an external magnetic field into paper-based chips. The sensor developed has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability, and wide potential applicability as well as simplicity, low cost, and good disposability.

Chemomics and drug innovation

Chemomics is an interdisciplinary study using approaches from chemoinformatics,bioinformatics,synthetic chemistry,and other related disciplines.Biological systems make natural products from endogenous small molecules (natural product building blocks) through a sequence of enzyme catalytic reactions.For each reaction,the natural product building blocks may contribute a group of atoms to the target natural product.We describe this group of atoms as a chemoyl.A chemome is the complete set of chemoyls in an organism.Chemomics studies chemomes and the principles of natural product syntheses and evolutions.Driven by survival and reproductive demands,biological systems have developed effective protocols to synthesize natural products in order to respond to environmental changes;this results in biological and chemical diversity.In recent years,it has been realized that one of the bottlenecks in drug discovery is the lack of chemical resources for drug screening.Chemomics may solve this problem by revealing the rules governing the creation of chemical diversity in biological systems,and by developing biomimetic synthesis approaches to make quasi natural product libraries for drug screening.This treatise introduces chemomics and outlines its contents and potential applications in the fields of drug innovation.     

Predicting hiCE inhibitors based upon pharmacophore models derived from the receptor and its ligands

Human intestinal carboxyl esterase (hiCE) is a drug target for ameliorating irinotecan-induced diarrhea. By reducing irinotecan-induced diarrhea, hiCE inhibitors can improve the anti-cancer efficacy of irinotecan. To find effective hiCE inhibitors, a new virtual screening protocol that combines pharmacophore models derived from the hiCE structure and its ligands has been proposed. The hiCE structure has been constructed through homology techniques using hCES1’s crystal structure. The hiCE structure was optimized via molecular dynamics simulations with the most known active hiCE inhibitors docked into the structure. An optimized pharmacophore, derived from the receptor, was then generated. A ligand-based pharmacophore was also generated from a larger set of known hiCE inhibitors. The final hiCE inhibitor predictions were based upon the virtual screening hits from both ligand-based and receptor-based pharmacophore models. The hit rates from the ligand-based and receptor-based pharmacophore models are 88% and 86%, respectively. The final hit rate is 94%. The two models are highly consistent with one another (85%). This proves that both models are reliable.     

Total Synthesis of α-Elvucitabine

Total synthesis of α-elvucitabine was achieved in 26% overall yield by a concise nine-step procedure starting from L-lyxose, with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethaneoulfonate (TMSOTf)–mediated stereocontrolled α-N-glycosidation and olefination through Barton–McCombie deoxygenation being the key steps, and the stereochemistry of the product was determined by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy.     

Microwave‐assisted Aqueous Multicomponent Reaction: Facile Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Indoline‐spiro Fused Pyran Derivatives

A green and highly efficient method for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized indoline‐spiro fused pyran derivatives has been established. This reaction was conducted by reacting readily available and inexpensive starting materials, such as isatins, cyclic‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and malononitrile in aqueous media without any catalysts under microwave irradiation. The present green synthesis shows fascinating properties such as the use of water as the reaction solution, concise one‐pot conditions, short reaction periods (8–14 min), and easy purifications. The synthesis could also set a good example to GAP (Group‐Assistant‐Purification) chemistry in which purification via chromatography can be avoided and the pure products can be easily acquired only by washing the crude products with 95% EtOH.     

DNAzyme based electrochemical sensors for trace uranium

We have developed a uranyl-specific DNAzyme that was immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode to give a highly sensitive and selective biosensor for uranyl ion. The typical DNAzyme system consisted of the RNA (rA) as the substrate (ADNA), and the other strand is the enzyme (TDNA) with a ferrocene (Fc). The presence of uranyl ion induces the cleavage of the DNA substrate strand at the rA position to form two fragments. The Fc unit thereby is released from the surface of the electrode, and this results in a decreased peak current. This electrochemical biosensor has a dynamic range from 2 nM to 14 nM of uranyl ion, with a detection limit at 1 nM. It exhibits high sensitivity and excellent selectivity over other metal ions, and thus represents a promising technique for simple, fast, on-site, and real-time electrochemical sensing of UO₂(II) ion. It also serves as a guide in choosing different methods for designing electrochemical sensors for other metal ions.

Ferric(III) Nitrate Supported on Kieselguhr: A New Reagent for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols

A selective and effective oxidation of alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, respectively, with a new reagent, ferric(III) nitrate supported on kieselguhr, under heterogeneous conditions is reported.     

Oxidation of Alcohols with a New Neutral System of Potassium Dichromate in Dimethylformamide

A new and convenient procedure for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones by the oxidation of the corresponding primary and secondary alcohols with a neutral potassium dichromate-dimethylformamide system is described.