弯曲波导之间的耦合分析

采用极坐标下的光束传播法分析了两条平行变曲波导的中心间距、曲率半径等因素对模式耦合的影响,得到了耦合长度、耦合强度随中心间距、曲率半径的变化规律,并将直波导作为变曲波导的一种特殊情况进行了分析.     

自由电子激光的医学应用

自由电子激光这种新型光源非常适合于医学应用。通过对医用自由电子激光器的简要介绍,探讨了自由电子激光与人体组织的相互作用及其在医学上的应用前景。     

氘化物阴极真空弧放电光斑分布

氘化物真空弧放电在许多领域均有应用,如无损检测、石油探井、中子活化分析等。和金属阴极不同,氘化物阴极放电时会释放大量的气体分子,表现出许多不同性质。采用放大镜头和ICCD相机观察了氘化物阴极真空弧放电光斑分布。测量系统的空间分辨率约为5 μm,时间分辨率最小2 ns。放电脉冲半高全宽（FWHM）0.9 μs,弧流波形为半周期正弦波。实验结果表明,氘化物真空弧放电时,所有阴极斑聚集为一个群落,表现为一个大光斑;在液滴作用下,阴极斑群落偶尔也会分裂为两个或多个群落;光斑形状不受弧流影响,但面积和亮度会随弧流增加而增大。氘化物阴极放电斑点聚集有利于产生高密度等离子体,提高放电效率。     

Effects of pattern dependence on high-power polarization-division-multiplexing applications

High-power polarization-division-multiplexing (PDM) systems or functional modules, such as self-phase-modulation (SPM)-based all-optical regenerators, cross-phase-modulation (XPM)-based wavelength convertors or format convertors, all-optical logical gate, and so on, may suffer from the effects of pattern dependence. Such effects are experimentally investigated using relative time delay variation between bit sequences with orthogonal polarization states in a 2 × 10.65 Gb/s high-power on-off keying (OOK) PDM system. Eye-diagram-based signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bandwidth of broadened spectrum are measured and compared. An eye-diagram-based SNR fluctuation of up to 4 dB may occur as the delay changes.     

Simulation of a 2-site Langmuir model for characterizing the sorption capacity of Cs and Se in crushed mudrock under various ionic strength effects

The sorption capacity of cesium (Cs) and selenium (Se) in crushed mudrock was demonstrated in this study through a 2-site Langmuir model. To employ such a numerical analysis, batch tests were applied in this study in synthetic seawater and groundwater with sorption/desorption kinetic experiments (time-dependent) and different concentrations (10^?2–10^?7 M). The 2-site sorption models, which correspond to two rate constants (λ ₁ and λ ₂), might be more adequate than 1-site sorption models in characterizing Cs and Se sorption/desorption according to the least square errors between the numerical analysis and the results of the batch tests. The fitting results showed that a 2-site Langmuir model is capable of appropriately describing Cs and Se sorption in mudrock. Consequently, the sorption capacity was calculated at about 0.06 mol/kg for Cs and at 0.015 mol/kg for Se.     

Determination of Sulfonamides in Pharmaceuticals and Rabbit Plasma by Microchip Electrophoresis with LED-IF Detection

In this paper, we describe a compact and low-cost light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence (LED-IF) detection coupled to microchip electrophoresis for the determination of sulfonamides in pharmaceutical formulations and rabbit plasma. Three fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled sulfonamides in rabbit plasma were separated in the running buffer of 40 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) at the separation voltage of 2.0 kV, and detected by LED-IF detector in which the high-power blue LED was driven at the constant current of 150 mA and the emitted fluorescence over 510 nm was collected by a planar photodiode. The linear concentration ranged from 2.0 to 125.0 μg mL⁻¹, both for sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine with the correlation coefficients (r ²) of 0.995 and 0.997, respectively, and from 2.0 to 100.0 μg mL⁻¹ with the correlation coefficients (r ²) of 0.997 for sulfaguanidine. The limits of detection for the three sulfonamides were 0.36–0.50 μg mL⁻¹ (S/N = 3). Intra-day and inter-day precision of migration time and peak area for the determination of sulfonamides were <4.5 %. This method has been successfully applied to the analysis of sulfonamides in pharmaceuticals, and could be used to study the pharmacokinetics of sulfonamides in rabbit.

     

Synthesis of TiO2 based on hydrothermal methods using elevated pressures and microwave conditions

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), especially in its anatase form, is an effective photocatalyst under ultraviolet (UV) light. The particle size of TiO₂ is a critical factor to determine its photoactivity based on its quantum effectiveness under light irradiations. Thus, nanocrystalline TiO₂ has been widely accepted to significantly enhance this effect. The sol–gel method is generally used to synthesize the anatase form of nanocrystalline TiO₂. In this study, we expanded the synthesis method of TiO₂ to high pressures under direct heating (hydrothermal method) and indirect heating (microwave-assisted method). It was found that pH value is one of the major factors to control nano-sizes of TiO₂ particles, and the neutral condition in all methods is preferable for controlling the sizes of the prepared TiO₂ particles. The microwave-assisted method further improves quality of synthesized nano-size TiO₂ below 10 nm. These results have been confirmed by both the direct size measurement using TEM images and indirect determination using XRD peaks. The collected samples are further analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy to identify the particle size-dependent photoreactivity and to confirm the effectiveness of microwave-assisting under neutral conditions. DSC is also a powerful tool to identify the crystalline transition of TiO₂.     

Determination of nifedipine in dog plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection

Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used widely in the management of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. In this work, a simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to determine nifedipine in dog plasma using nimodipine as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C₈ column. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile, water and formic acid (60:40:0.2, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring mode via an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. The method has a lower limit of quantification of 0.20 ng/mL with consumption of plasma as low as 0.05 mL. The linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.20–50.0 ng/mL (r = 0.9948). The recoveries of the liquid extraction method were 74.5–84.1%. Intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were 4.1–8.8 and 6.7–7.4%, respectively. The quantification was not interfered with by other plasma components and the method was applied to determine nifedipine in plasma after a single oral administration of two controlled‐release nifedipine tablets to beagle dogs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nucleophilic imidoesterification of dicarbonyl compounds with cyanatobenzenes through C-C bond formation

Under neat conditions,an efficient method for synthesis of imidoesters has been developed using cyanatobenzenes and dicarbonyl compounds.Nucleophilic addition spontaneously occurred between the two kinds of materials at room temperature with yields of up to 90%.A mechanism directed towards to the imidoester formation has been proposed.