二维液相色谱切换技术及其应用

多维液相色谱已成为复杂样品研究的重要工具。本文在介绍多维液相色谱原理与方法的基础上,重点讨论了二维液相色谱接口切换技术的近期发展,并对其应用现状进行了总结分析。     

全二维液相色谱的初步构建及其在山羊血清分离中的应用

以GFC/RP模式构建全二维液相色谱系统,第一维凝胶过滤色谱柱使用ShodexProteinKW 802. 5(300mm×8mmi.d. ),以0. 2mol/LNaH2PO4 (pH7. 0)的流动相在0. 15mL/min的流速下等度洗脱,第二维反相色谱柱使用HypersilBDSC18 (35mm×4. 6mmi.d. ),在3mL/min的流速下梯度洗脱。采用平行柱交替分析的形式作切换接口, 2. 5min切换一次,两个反相柱交替富集、分析第一维洗脱产物。以5个标准蛋白混合物的分离评价该系统,在单独一维模式中不能分离的样品在全二维液相色谱中得到了较好的分离,二维系统的总峰容量为225。与一维色谱相比,系统的总峰容量、分辨率得到较大提高。并用于山羊血清的纯化分析,对一维分离中的重合谱峰进行验证,对制备纯化有一定的实际意义。     

New optimized explicit modified RKN methods for the numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation

This paper investigates a family of modified Runge-Kutta-Nyström (RKN) methods for the integration of second-order ordinary differential equations with oscillatory solutions. The order conditions for up to order five are presented. Two new optimized explicit four-stage modified RKN methods are derived by nullifying their dispersions and the dissipations in two different ways, respectively. These methods are checked to be of algebraic order five and both are dispersive of order six and dissipative of order five. The stability is examined and the error formulas are analyzed to show that advantages of the new methods compared with some highly efficient integrators from the recent literature. The high accuracy of the second new method is explained by its comparatively small dispersion and dissipation constants. In the integration of the resonance problem and the bound-states problem of the radial Schrödinger equation with the Woods-Saxon potential, the numerical results show the effectiveness and robustness of the new methods.     

同位素稀释质谱法测定三文鱼中的孔雀石绿

建立了三文鱼中孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿的同位素稀释质谱测定法,即:通过添加作为同位素稀释剂的氘代孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿到样品中,经液液萃取、提取液中添加中性氧化铝以及过碱性氧化铝小柱进行净化的前处理,然后由以乙腈和乙酸铵缓冲液(0.05mol/L,pH 4.5)为流动相的液相色谱/离子阱质谱联用来作为分离检测手段.对含不同浓度孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿的储备液在不同溶剂、酸度、时间和温度的稳定性、前处理过程中的中性氧化铝的合适添加量、破乳剂的选择、孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿在氮吹和旋蒸过程中的损失以及液相色谱和质谱条件进行了研究.该方法的孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿的叫收率分别为95.6%～103.3%和97.64%～100.80%,检测限为0.4和0.3,μg/kg,相对标准偏差分别为4.76%～6.13%和3.14%～5.67%.结果表明,所建立的方法快速、灵敏、准确、可靠.     

Layered microcapsules for daunorubicin loading and release as well as in vitro and in vivo studies

Anti‐cancer drug daunorubicin (DNR) was encapsulated in preformed multilayer microcapsules and was applied in tumor treatment by in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal experiments. The microcapsules were fabricated by an alternate deposition of oppositely charged polysaccharides, i.e. chitosan and alginate onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) doped CaCO₃ colloidal particles in a sequential assembly procedure, followed by crosslinking of the capsule shells with glutaraldehyde (GA) and removal of the templates by disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The as‐prepared microcapsules showed strong ability to induce the positively charged DNR to deposit into the microcapsule interiors. Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy observed homogeneous distribution of the drug within microcapsules. The loaded DNR could be released again, following a diffusion‐controlled model at the initial stage. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the encapsulated DNR can effectively induce the apoptosis of BEL‐7402 tumor cells, as evidenced by various microscopy techniques after acridine orange (AO), Hoechst 33342, and osmium tetraoxide staining. By seeding the BEL‐7402 hepatoma cells into BALB/c/nu mice, tumors were created for the animal experiments. The results showed that the encapsulated DNR had better efficacy than that of the free drug in terms of tumor inhibition in a 4 week in vivo culture period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

渣油加氢处理过程中Mo-V/Al_2O_3的催化性能及协同效应

采用孔饱和浸渍法制备了不同Mo/(Mo+V)原子比的Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂,运用拉曼光谱、H2程序升温还原和高分辨透射电镜对催化剂进行了表征,同时以萘为模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢活性;以科威特常渣为原料,考察了其加氢脱金属和脱硫活性.结果表明,在上述反应中,Mo与V具有协同作用.由于渣油中金属和硫的存在形态不同,并且V-Mo-S相和V-S相对于渣油加氢脱金属反应的催化作用要大于渣油加氢脱硫反应,因此与Ni-Mo/Al2O3催化剂相比,Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂的脱金属活性较高,而脱硫活性较低.     

锂离子电池阴极材料尖晶石结构Li1＋xMn2—xO4的研究

本文报导尖晶石结构阴极材料Ｌｉ１＋ｘＭｎ２－ｘＯ４（Ｏ＜ｘ＜１）的制备方法，讨论温度及原料对合成材料的电化学特性的影响，用电化学及结构化学理论研究了化学计量尖晶石结构ＬｉＭｎ２Ｏ４中，过量锂占据晶格中锰的位置，对电池初始容量及循环寿命产生的影响．     

Determination of phthalate esters in Chinese spirits using isotope dilution gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Phthalate esters are additives used in polyvinylchloride and are found as contaminants in many food products. An isotope dilution mass spectrometry technique has been developed for accurate analysis of 16 phthalate esters in Chinese spirits by adopting the 16 corresponding isotope‐labeled phthalate esters. The ethanol in the spirit sample was first removed by heating with a water bath at 100°C with a stream of nitrogen, after which the residue was extracted with n‐hexane twice. The phthalates collected were identified and quantified by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The spiking recoveries of 16 analytes ranged from 94.3 to 105.3% with relative standard deviation values of <6.5%. The detection limits for 16 analytes were <10.0 ng/g. The expanded relative uncertainties were from 3.0 to 14%. A survey was performed on Chinese spirits from the market. Six of the nine analyzed samples were contaminated by phthalates. Di‐n‐butyl phthalate and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate showed higher detection frequency and concentrations. This isotope dilution gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method is simple, rapid, accurate, and highly sensitive, which qualifies as a candidate reference method for the determination of phthalates in spirits.     

食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的分析方法研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯是应用最广泛的增塑剂,具有生殖、发育毒性及致癌性,是近年来食品污染的一个重要来源。该类化合物种类多、同系物和同分异构体性质接近、在基体中含量范围宽,高效样品前处理、高选择性分离和高灵敏检测、降低本底干扰等技术是食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物准确测定面临的挑战。本文综述了液液萃取、液液微萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质固相萃取等传统及新型的提取与净化技术在食品样品分析中的应用,比较分析了气相色谱、液相色谱、串联质谱、高分辨质谱以及酶联免疫、离子迁移谱等快速检测技术的特点,并展望了发展趋势。