Image reconstruction tomography with only a method for laminar optical single Monte-Carlo simulation

Laminar optical tomography （LOT） is a new mesoscopic functional optical imaging technique. Currently, the forward problem of LOT image reconstruction is generally solved on the basis of Monte-Carlo （MC） methods. However, considering the nonlinear nature of the image reconstruction in LOT with the increasing number of source positions, methods based on MC take too much computation time. This letter develops a fast image reconstruction algorithm based on perturbation MC （pMC） for reconstructing the absorption or scattering image of a slab medium, which is suitable for LOT or other functional optical tomography system with narrow source-detector separation and dense sampling. To calculate the pMC parameters, i.e., the path length passed by a photon and the collision numbers experienced in each voxel with only one baseline MC simulation, we propose a scheme named as the trajectory translation and target voxel regression （TT＆TVR） based on the reciprocity principle. To further speed up the image reconstruction procedure, the weighted average of the pMC parameters for all survival photons is adopted and the region of interest （ROI） is extracted from the raw data to save as the prior information of the image reconstruction. The method is applied to the absorption reconstruction of the layered inhomogeneous media. Results demonstrate that the reconstructing time is less than 20 s with the X - Y section of the sample subdivided into 50 × 50 voxels, and the target size quantitativeness ratio can be obtained in a satisfying accuracy in the source-detector separations of 0.4 and 1.25 mm, respectively.     

沉积物中石英ESR测年功率饱和效应的初步研究

介绍了几组沉积物中石英ESR功率饱和效应的基础实验情况,认为在用石英进行ESR测年时,微波功率的选择是一个重要参数,它直接影响累积剂量(AD)的求取,从而严重影响测年结果。在某些特定的地质环境下(如黄土,海洋沉积物),采用比较高的微波功率,可从沉积物石英的E'心得到较老沉积物(大于50万年)可信的ESR年代。     

Fabrication of Ni-Co binary oxide/reduced graphene oxide composite with high capacitance and cyclicity as efficient electrode for supercapacitors

Nickel-cobalt binary oxide/reduced graphene oxide (G-NCO) composite with high capacitance is synthesized via a mild method for electrochemical capacitors. G-NCO takes advantages of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and nickel-cobalt binary oxide. As an appropriate matrix, RGO is beneficial to form homogeneous structure and improve the electron transport ability. The binary oxide owns more active sites than those of nickel oxide and cobalt oxide to promote the redox reaction. Attributed to the well crystallinity, homogeneous structure, increased active sites, and improved charge transfer property, the G-NCO composite exhibits highly enhanced electrochemical performance compared with G-NiO and G-Co₃O₄ composites. The specific capacitance of the G-NCO composite is about 1750 F g^?1 at 1 A g^?1 together with capacitance retention of 79 % (900/1138 F g^?1) over 10,000 cycles at 4 A g^?1. To research its practical application, an asymmetric supercapacitor with G-NCO as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode was fabricated. The asymmetric device exhibits a prominent energy density of 37.7 Wh kg^?1 at a power density of 800 W kg^?1. The modified G-NCO composite shows great potential for high-capacity energy storage.     

基于ARM处理器的运动目标检测与跟踪系统

运动目标的检测及跟踪技术广泛应用于军事与民用领域。传统基于PC的目标跟踪系统不能满足对体积、功耗及便携性的需求,基于ARM处理器S3C2440A和嵌入式Linux操作系统构建了一个比较完整、实用的目标跟踪系统。该系统利用摄像头采集运动目标图像,处理器进行数字图像处理,LCD显示跟踪目标。阐述了实现原理及图像获取、目标检测、图像分割和目标跟踪算法程序流程。通过实际测试,该系统能满足对低速运动目标的检测、识别和跟踪,且具有较好的实时性和稳定性。     

Discussion again of the magnetic and transport property of Ag-doped LaMnO3

Samples La_1−aAg_aMnO₃ (0.05?a?0.50) were sol–gel fabricated. A part of Ag was found to dissociate and run off the samples in sintering process when sintering temperature exceeds 700 °C, resulting in a composite of La_1−xAg_xMnO₃ and MnO₂/Mn₂O₃. The magnetic and transport properties of the composite have been studied. The sample with the nominal composition La_0.7Ag_0.3MnO₃ was found to show the greatest magnetoresistance in the sample group. Detailed analysis on average Mn valence reveals a composite of (La_0.985Ag_0.015MnO₃)_0.776[(MnO₂)_0.590(Mn₂O₃)_0.410]_0.224. Its MR ratio at room temperature exceeds 24% under a field of 1.8 T. A conductivity leap has been observed around a=0.30. It suggests a kind of field-induced fluctuation in percolation in the samples investigated.     

Spin-polarized current through a lateral double quantum dot with spin–orbit interaction

We study the spin-polarized current through a vertical double quantum dot scheme. Both the Rashba spin–orbit (RSO) interaction inside one of the quantum dots and the strong intradot Coulomb interactions on the two dots are taken into account by using the second-quantized form of the Hamiltonian. Due to the existence of the RSO interaction, spin-up and spin-down electrons couple to the external leads with different strengths, and then a spin polarized current can be driven out of the middle lead by controlling a set of structure parameters and the external bias voltage. Moreover, by properly adjusting the dot levels and the external bias voltages, a pure spin current with no accompanying charge current can be generated in the weak coupling regime. We show that the difference between the intradot Coulomb interactions strongly influences the spin-polarized currents flowing through the middle lead and is undesirable in the generation of the net spin current. Based on the RSO interaction, the structure we propose can efficiently polarize the electron spin without the usage of any magnetic field or ferromagnetic material. This device can be used as a spin-battery and is realizable using the present available technologies.     

Experimental realization of an exact solution to the Vlasov equations for an expanding plasma

We study the expansion of ultracold neutral plasmas in the regime in which inelastic collisions are negligible. The plasma expands due to the thermal pressure of the electrons, and for an initial spherically symmetric Gaussian density profile, the expansion is self-similar. Measurements of the plasma size and ion kinetic energy using fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy show that the expansion follows an analytic solution of the Vlasov equations for an adiabatically expanding plasma.     

Searching for high-K isomers in the proton-rich A～80 mass region

Configuration-constrained potential-energy-surface calculations have been performed to investigate the K isomerism in the proton-rich A～ 80 mass region. An abundance of high-K states are predicted. These high-K states arise from two and four-quasi-particle excitations, with K~π= 8~+ and K~π= 16~+, respectively. Their excitation energies are comparatively low, making them good candidates for long-lived isomers. Since most nuclei under study are prolate spheroids in their ground states, the oblate shapes of the predicted high-K states may indicate a combination of K isomerism and shape isomerism.     

Bulk Sn1−xMnxO2 magnetic semiconductors without room-temperature ferromagnetism

Polycrystalline Sn_1−xMn_xO₂ (0≤x≤0.05) diluted magnetic semiconductors were prepared by solid-state reaction method and their structural and magnetic properties had been investigated systematically. The three Mn-doped samples (x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05) undergo paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transitions upon cooling, but their Curie temperatures are far lower than room temperature. The magnetization cannot be attributed to any identified impurity phase. It is also found that the magnetization increases with increasing Mn doping, while the ratio of the Mn ions contributing to ferromagnetic ordering to the total Mn ions decreases.     

Corrosion resistance and lubricated sliding wear behaviour of novel Ni-P graded alloys as an alternative to hard Cr deposits

Alternative process to hexavalent chromium, substitute materials and new designs are urgently needed owing to the requirement of “clean” manufacture. This comparative study was conducted to systematically investigate the corrosion resistance and lubricated sliding wear behavior of graded Ni-P alloy deposits produced from a single plating bath by electrodeposition and hard Cr deposits, using potentiodynamic polarization and reciprocating ball-on-disc tribometer. Results showed that Ni-P deposits heat-treated at 400 °C with maximum hardness exhibited more than two orders of magnitude higher corrosion resistance than hard Cr deposits in 10 wt.% HCl solution. The Stribeck curves for the heat-treated Ni-P gradient deposits and hard Cr under lubrication conditions were obtained with accurate control of normal load and sliding speed during the wear process, three main different regimes corresponding to different lubrication mechanism were identified. Heat-treated Ni-P gradient deposits showed relatively poor wear resistance than hard Cr deposits under the lubrication conditions, which may be attributed to superior oil-retaining surface structure and the unique “nodular” effect of hard Cr in wear process.