全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2047篇 |
免费 | 289篇 |
国内免费 | 306篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1667篇 |
晶体学 | 29篇 |
力学 | 97篇 |
综合类 | 23篇 |
数学 | 284篇 |
物理学 | 542篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 34篇 |
2022年 | 53篇 |
2021年 | 44篇 |
2020年 | 66篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 74篇 |
2017年 | 59篇 |
2016年 | 86篇 |
2015年 | 96篇 |
2014年 | 103篇 |
2013年 | 140篇 |
2012年 | 185篇 |
2011年 | 184篇 |
2010年 | 128篇 |
2009年 | 119篇 |
2008年 | 138篇 |
2007年 | 126篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 101篇 |
2004年 | 101篇 |
2003年 | 78篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 71篇 |
2000年 | 57篇 |
1999年 | 58篇 |
1998年 | 47篇 |
1997年 | 28篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2642条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Lian C. T. Shoute Nikola Pekas Yiliang Wu Richard L. McCreery 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2011,102(4):841-850
The relationship between bias-induced redox reactions and resistance switching is considered for memory devices containing
TiO2 or a conducting polymer in “molecular heterojunctions” consisting of thin (2–25 nm) films of covalently bonded molecules,
polymers, and oxides. Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor changes in the oxidation state of polythiophene in Au/P3HT/SiO2/Au devices, and it was possible to directly determine the formation and stability of the conducting polaron state of P3HT
by applied bias pulses [P3HT = poly(3-hexyl thiophene)]. Polaron formation was strongly dependent on junction composition,
particularly on the interfaces between the polymer, oxide, and electrodes. In all cases, trace water was required for polaron
formation, leading to the proposal that water reduction acts as a redox counter-reaction to polymer oxidation. Polaron stability
was longest for the case of a direct contact between Au and SiO2, implying that catalytic water reduction at the Au surface generated hydroxide ions which stabilized the cationic polaron.
The spectroscopic information about the dependence of polaron stability on device composition will be useful for designing
and monitoring resistive switching memory based on conducting polymers, with or without TiO2 present. 相似文献
93.
94.
95.
Fadong Yan Tomoya Higashihara Ravi Mosurkal Lian Li Ke Yang Rudolf Faust 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(11):910-913
Self organization and redox behavior of a ferrocene containing triblock copolymer, poly(vinylferrocene)-block-poly(isobutylene)-block-poly(vinylferrocene), with narrow molecular weight distribution in solutions and in thin films were investigated. Dynamic light scattering studies of the block copolymer in dilute solutions indicated that the polymer chains aggregated at relatively low concentrations. The aggregations of polymer chains were observed in toluene, as well as in tetrahydrofuran at concentrations as low as 0.014 mg/mL and 0.0045 mg/mL, respectively. Thin films of the copolymer showed reversible single electron redox behavior, similar to that of ferrocene. Morphology and micro-phase separation of the copolymer was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. 相似文献
96.
97.
Soumitra Satapathi Lian Li Robinson Anandakathir Lynne A. Samuelson Jayant Kumar 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(12):1049-1054
Nanoparticles of a regioregular and soluble polythiophene were fabricated by mini-emulsion technique. The fabricated nanoparticles were characterized by optical spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The fluorescence quenching of these fabricated nanoparticles with 2,4-dinitrotolune (DNT) in aqueous and organic solutions was investigated. Significant fluorescence quenching was observed. The Stern-Volmer constants were determined to be higher than that of the bulk polymer in solution, indicating that the nanoparticles provide better sensitivity in DNT sensing. Strong two-photon-induced fluorescence was measured from these nanoparticles. 相似文献
98.
Fabrication of gold nano‐patterns has been demonstrated employing surface relief structures created on films of an azobenzene‐functionalized polymer as templates. The surface relief templates were photoinscribed on the azopolymer films in one‐step with two laser beams. Thin layers of gold were over‐coated on the polymer templates by thermal evaporation. Gold lines of a few hundred nanometer width were successfully fabricated by pyrolyzing the azobenzene polymer. Sub‐micron gold dots were also created. The resulting gold structures exhibited the same periodicity as the polymer templates. 相似文献
99.
We have designed and synthesized a new ruthenium complex, [(5‐amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline)bis(4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid‐2,2′‐bipyridine)]ruthenium(II) by introducing two types of ligands, 5‐amino‐1,10‐phenanthroline and 4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid‐2,2′‐bipyridine. We investigated the electronic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the Ru(II) complex. The short‐circuit current density and overall solar‐to‐electric energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells made with this Ru(II) complex were found to be 8.9 mA/cm2 and 2.1%, respectively. A series of analogous Ru(II) complexes have also been synthesized and investigated to compare the effects of functional groups on various ligands. HOMO‐LUMO energies and molecular orbital surfaces have been investigated using semiempirical quantum chemical methods. 相似文献
100.
Hongmei Yang Zong‐Jun Li Debin Wan Wenhui Lian Shuying Liu 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2013,48(5):539-543
In this work, laser‐enhanced in‐source decay (LEISD) technique of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI‐FT‐ICR‐MS) was used to distinguish reducing and nonreducing carbohydrates. Interestingly, easier cleavage of (1 → 2)‐linked glycosidic bonds for nonreducing carbohydrates containing D‐fructofuranosyl units was observed in MALDI‐FT‐ICR‐MS, which was in agreement with the result of theoretical calculation by the software package Gaussian 09. Importantly, no cross‐ring cleavage of fructofuranosyl residues was detected in the LEISD spectra of nonreducing carbohydrates. LEISD method therefore offers an attractive alternative for fast and efficient differentiation of reducing and nonreducing carbohydrates, and the positions of nonreducing monosaccharide residues in a carbohydrate chain could be easily speculated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献