纳米催化剂的理性设计与精准调控

纳米催化在现代化学工业中起着至关重要的作用.当前社会的高速发展,促使人们在不同领域探索新型纳米催化剂引导技术革命以解决日益严峻的能源及环境危机.要实现在原子水平上精确调控并对催化剂结构进行设计以开发高效的纳米催化剂,必须深入了解其中的基本物理化学理论,如活性中心的配位结构以及催化剂与吸附质之间的作用规律等.然而,受当前...     

高能γ探测系统中的光耦合部件参数优化

建立了Geant4软件粒子输运模拟平台,完成了核聚变高能射线能量-时间联合谱探测系统的探测效率计算数值建模;提出了遗传算法调用Geant4软件的射线探测系统参数优化方法。以自聚焦透镜前端与塑料闪烁体后端面的距离、自聚焦透镜后端面的长度及自聚焦透镜与通信光纤前端的距离为自变量,以耦合效率为适应度函数,实现了高能探测系统中由塑料闪烁体-自聚焦透镜-通信光纤组成的光耦合部件参数的优化算法。优化结果表明,该算法可以提高塑料闪烁体发出的荧光由自聚焦透镜耦合到通信光纤中的效率,最大可达4.77%。     

Z箍缩中子编码诊断系统模拟平台搭建

开发了基于Geant4的Z箍缩中子编码成像系统模拟平台,实现聚变中子编码成像诊断系统各关键部件的完整模拟。获得了低中子产额（约1010量级）下,中子经编码孔编码后在闪烁体阵列中形成的发光分布图像。利用维纳滤波、Richardson-Lucy（RL）及遗传算法（GA）对低中子产额下获得的极低信噪比图像进行重建,并对信噪比、中子产额及重建效果进行了对比研究,结果表明:遗传算法对低信噪比中子编码图像的重建具有很强的鲁棒性;中子编码图像的信噪比与遗传算法重建结果的准确性呈正比。     

水下切伦科夫光光斑的蒙特卡罗模拟

分别采用分出截面法和积累因子法计算了水下放射性源透过一次屏蔽体的中子与射线的剂量场分布,并在这些分布条件下,利用Geant4软件射线在穿越二次屏蔽体后继而穿越后续水层,计算出在3 m水层中产生的切伦科夫(Cherenkov)光通量分布和光谱分布。以纯水为传播介质,在考虑Cherenkov光在不同水层中传播所造成的几何衰减和水层吸收等因素后,由计算获得了Cherenkov光光斑大小和强度分布。     

One-pot synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-cadmium sulfide nanocomposite and its photocatalytic hydrogen production

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a one-pot solvothermal process without pretreatment of graphene oxide (GO) and a precipitation process, in which GO needs to be pre-reduced by hydrazine. The as-obtained RGO-CdS nanocomposites were used as photocatalysts for hydrogen production under visible light irradiation, and it was found that the product derived from the one-pot solvothermal process showed much better photoactivity than that from the precipitation method.     

水溶性金属卟啉应用于催化反应的研究进展

综述了水溶性金属卟啉作为催化剂应用于均相或非均相的催化反应的研究进展,重点介绍了水溶性金属卟啉在水或水与有机溶剂混合介质中催化底物氧化反应的催化性能,其中包括烷烃的羟基化,烯烃的环氧化,含氧、含硫及含氮化合物的氧化反应.另外水溶性金属卟啉还可用于催化Suzuki-Miyaura反应、氧化偶联反应、C=C氧化断裂反应等.水溶性金属卟啉催化剂具有水溶性、催化效率高、反应条件温和等优点,因此将在催化反应特别是氧化反应中得到更广泛的应用.     

R410A在管内冷凝换热及压降的实验研究

近年来,制冷行业开始改用新型环保制冷剂,要求新型强化传热管有更良好的性能并适应环保制冷剂的工况.通过自行设计的一台集管内蒸发和冷凝为一体的实验台,以R410A作为制冷剂,分别对5mm、7mm以及9.52mm三种内螺纹管进行实验研究.发现:(1)螺纹齿径和齿顶角对冷凝换热系数有重大影响;(2)齿径比以及齿高对内螺纹管的压...     

Regeneration of tetrabutylammonium ion-pairing reagent distribution in a gradient elution of reversed phase ion-pair chromatography

The regeneration of ion-pairing reagent distribution on liquid chromatography columns after gradient elution has been well recognized as the cause for long column equilibration time, a major drawback associated with gradient elution reverse phase ion-pair chromatography. To date, the majority of studies have focused on optimizing the separation conditions to shorten the equilibration time. There is limited understanding of the ion-pairing reagent distribution process between the mobile phase and stationary phase in the course of gradient elution, and subsequent column re-equilibration. The focus of this work is to gain a better understanding of this process. An ion-pair chromatographic system, equipped with a YMC ODS C(18) column and a mobile phase containing tetrabutylammonium (TBA) hydroxide as the ion-pairing reagent, was used in the study. The TBA distribution profile was established by measuring its concentration in the eluent fractions collected during the gradient cycle using different column equilibration times with an ion chromatographic method. Furthermore, the analyte retention time was evaluated as the function of the column equilibration time and TBA concentration in the mobile phase. The column equilibration and its impact on the method robustness will also be discussed.     

Time-dependent wave packet approach to the pulse delay effect upon RbI photoelectron spectrum

In recent years, the field-matter interaction has be- come an interesting topic of many dynamical calcula- tions[1―9]. In order to investigate the interaction con- veniently, the concept of light-induced potential is introduced and applied to study the photoionization and photodissociation of molecules by many research- ers[10―12]. For example, using the light-induced poten- tial, Garraway and Suominen[10] and Zavriyev et al.[11] studied the process of transferring of a wave packet from one…     

用激光相位多普勒技术测量循环流化床中的颗粒运动特性

用激光相位多普勒技术测量循环流化床中的颗粒运动特性吕清刚，杨涛，潘忠刚（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词：循环流化床，气固两相流动，激光相位多普勒颗粒动态分析仪１引言循环流化床燃烧装置已经得到了广泛的应用，但是由于流化床内的气固两相...