Robust Laminated Anode with an Ultrathin Titanium Nitride Layer for High-Efficiency Top-Emitting Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

The effective reflective anode remains a highly desirable component for the fabrication of reliable top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TE-OLEDs) which have the potential to be integrated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits for microdisplays. This work demonstrates a novel laminated anode consisting of a Cr/Al/Cr multilayer stack. Furthermore, we implement an ultra-thin titanium nitride (TiN) layer as a protective layer on the top of the Cr/Al/Cr composite anode, which creates a considerably reflective surface in the visible range, and meanwhile improves the chemical stability of the electrode against the atmosphere or alkali environment. Based on [2-(2-pyridinyl-N)phenyl-C](acetylacetonate)iridium(III) as green emitter and Mg/Ag as transparent cathode, our TE-OLED using the TiN-coated anode achieves the maximum current efficiency of 71.2 cd/A and the maximum power efficiency of 66.7 lm/W, which are 81% and 90% higher than those of the reference device without TiN, respectively. The good device performance shows that the Cr/Al/Cr/TiN could function as a promising reflective anode for the high-resolution microdisplays on CMOS circuits.     

Energy,exergy and economic (3E) evaluation of the photovoltaic/thermal collector-assisted heat pump domestic water heating system for different climatic regions in Turkey

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In this study, the energy, exergy and economic (3E) analyses were performed for the photovoltaic/thermal collector-assisted heat pump domestic water...     

Photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds using nanocomposite of P-type and N-type transition metal semiconductors

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main causes of poor indoor quality. It has been reported that the presence of VOCs in an indoor environment...     

Tributylstibine-mediated olefination of carbonyl compounds with bromomalonic ester and with dibromomalonic ester—A possible pathway through a stibonium ylide via halophilic initiation by tertiary stibines

Tributylstibine can mediate the olefination of carbonyl compounds with bromomalonic ester and with dibromomalonic ester. An initial halophilic attack of tributylstibine on the bromine of bromomalonic or dibromomalonic ester forming an ion pair of bromotributylstibonium cation and malonic (A) or bromomalonic ester carbanion (B) , respectively, is proposed. These ion pairs react with carbonyl compounds to achieve subsequent olefination. Alternatively, 2 equiv of A collapse, with elimination of malonic ester, to form stiborane D , and the ion pair B reacts with another equivalent of tributylstibine to form stiborane D. This last undergoes a Wittig-type reaction with carbonyl compound to achieve olefination.     

Über Herstellung kolloider Lösungen der Alkalimetalle

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die M?glichkeit der Herstellung von Organosolen der Alkalimetalle beim Kondensieren der übers?ttigten Metalld?mpfe in den D?mpfen des L?sungsmittels und nachfolgender Kondensation der erhaltenen Aerosole untersucht. Es sind Methoden zur Herstellung von Organosolen durch unmittelbares Einführen des Metalldampfes in das L?sungsmittel ausgearbeitet: das Metall wird im Innern des L?sungsmittels mittels Foukeau'scher Str?me verdampft. Die erhaltenen Sole besa?en eine Konzentration bis 0,3 Proz. und waren sehr stabil, was anscheinend durch die Schutzt?tigkeit des infolge der Reaktion zwischen dem Alkalimetall und den Wasserspuren entstehenden Alkalihydroxyds bedingt wird.     

Synthesis and characterization of visible light responsive N-TiO2 mixed crystal by a modified hydrothermal process

N doped TiO₂ with anatase and rutile mixed crystal were prepared by using tetrabutyl titanate as the precursor via a modified hydrothermal process and calcination at 320 °C. The microstructure and morphology of samples were characterized by XRD, UV-vis-DRS, FTIR and XPS. The results showed that N-TiO₂ particles were crystallized to anatase and rutile mixed crystal structure; they were presented narrow particle size distribution, and the average particle size was ca. 13.5 nm calculated from XRD results. It was found that the N-doped TiO₂ particles showed strong visible-light absorption and high photocatalytic activity for the mineralization of Rhodamine B under irradiation by visible light (400-500 nm). The high visible-light photocatalytic activity of the obtained N-doped TiO₂ might result from the synergetic effect of nitrogen doping and the mixed lattice structure of N-TiO₂. Possible mechanism of N-TiO₂ mixed crystal formed under hydrothermal conditions was discussed.     

Synthesis of PNIPAAm-g-P4VP Microgel as Draw Agent in Forward Osmosis by RAFT Polymerization and Reverse Suspension Polymerization to Improve Water Flux

Microgels have unique and versatile properties allowing their use in forward osmosis areas as a draw agent. In this contribution, poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) was synthesized via RAFT polymerization and then grafted to a poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) crosslinking network by reverse suspension polymerization. P4VP was successfully obtained by the quasiliving polymerization with the result of nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography characterization. The particle size and particle size distribution of the PNIPAAm-g-P4VP microgels containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt% P4VP were measured by means of a laser particle size analyzer. It was found that all the microgels were of micrometer scale and the particle size was increased with the P4VP load. Inter/intra-molecular-specific interactions, i.e., hydrogen bond interactions were then investigated by Fourier infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the water flux measurements showed that all the PNIPAAm-g-P4VP microgels can draw water more effectively than a blank PNIPAAm microgel. For the copolymer microgel incorporating 20 wt% P4VP, the water flux was measured to be 7.48 L∙m⁻²∙h⁻¹.     

Flavonoids from Lycium barbarum Leaves Exhibit Anti-Aging Effects through the Redox-Modulation

Lycium barbarum leaves are a kind of vegetable, and modern nutrition studies have found that they have an anti-aging function. Our study aims to investigate the anti-aging effects of Lycium barbarum leaf flavonoid (LBLF) extracts and its underlying molecular mechanism. LBLFs were purified using D101 and polyamide resin, characterized by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and administered to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Caenorhabditis elegans. Appropriate enrichment conditions were optimized through dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments, the content of flavonoids reached 909.84 mg/g, rutin and kaempferol being the main ones. LBLFs attenuated H₂O₂-induced HUVEC apoptosis, decreased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production levels, increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, pre-treatment with LBLF increased mRNA expression of erythropoietin (EPO) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in HUVECs. Compared with 100 µM rutin monomer, LBLF prolonged the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, enhanced their mobility in middle life stages and upregulated expression of sod-2, gcs-1 and skn-1 genes, which indicated that the anti-aging effects of LBLF were due to its redox-modulation.