A Sensitive LC–ESI–MS Method for Pharmacokinetic Studies of Picroside II in Dog Plasma

A high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectromentry (LC–ESI–MS) method has been developed for the determination of picroside II in dog plasma. Plasma samples were deproteinated with acetonitrile and a Hypersil ODS2 column was used with a mobile phase consisted of methanol-water. The determination was validated in the concentration range of 0.10–50 μg mL^?1 using 50 μL of plasma. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of picroside II.     

Local Discrimination of Orthogonal Product States with a Two-Qubit Maximally Entangled State

International Journal of Theoretical Physics - Recently, Zhang et al. raised two classes of orthogonal product states which cannot be exactly discriminated by local operations and classical...     

Electrochemical methods--important means for fabrication of fluorescent nanoparticles

Fluorescent nanoparticles have attracted much attention over the last two decades. Due to the size- and composition-dependent optical and electrical properties, fluorescent nanoparticles have been emphasized in electronic, optical and biomedical applications. Till now, many kinds of methods have been developed to fabricate diverse fluorescent nanoparticles, which include pyrolysis, template synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, microemulsion, electrochemical methods and so on. Among them, electrochemical methods are favored for relatively good controllability, ease of operation and mild reaction conditions. By adjusting the applied potential, current, components of the electrolyte and other relevant parameters, the fluorescent nanoparticles could be electrochemically manufactured with tunable sizes, compositions and surface structure, which allows for the modification of electronic and optical properties. Therefore, electrochemical methods are regarded as important means in preparing fluorescent nanoparticles. This review focuses on the recent progress in electrochemical fabrications of fluorescent nanoparticles (together with their optical properties and some applications in optoelectronics and biomedicine).     

HCN Adsorption on the Fe(100), Fe(111) and Fe(110) Surfaces: a Density Functional Theory Study

Twenty kinds of adsorptions of HCN on the Fe(100), Fe(111) and Fe(110) surfaces at the 1/4 monolayer coverage are found using the density functional theory. For Fe(100), the adsorption energy of the most stable configuration where the HCN locates at the fourfold site with the C-N bonded to four Fe atoms is 1.928 eV. The most favored adsorption structure for HCN on Fe(111) is f-η3(N)-h-η3(C), in which the C-N bond is almost parallel to the surface, and the adsorption energy is 1.347 eV. On Fe(110), the adsorption energy in the most stable configuration in which HCN locates at the two long-bridge sites is 1.777 eV. The adsorption energy of the parallel orientation for HCN is larger than that of the perpendicular configuration. The binding mechanism of HCN on the Fe(100), Fe(111) and Fe(110) surfaces is also analyzed by Mulliken charge population and the density of states in HCN. The result indicates that the configurations in which the adsorbed HCN becomes the non-linear are beneficial to the formation of the addition reaction for hydrogen. The nature that the introduction of Fe into the catalyst could increase the catalytic activity of the bimetallic catalyst in the addition reaction of hydrogen for nitriles is revealed.     

近红外拉曼光谱快速检测地榆

采用先进的共焦显微拉曼光谱仪,测试了地榆的拉曼光谱,绘出地榆拉曼一阶导数谱。地榆拉曼光谱中,在155、195、902、1466、1476cm-1等处出现明显的特征峰。地榆拉曼谱的一阶导数谱,在152,192,900,157,197,905cm-1等处出现明显特征峰。分析地榆拉曼光谱,确认主要归属与已有的地榆化学成分研究结果相符。地榆拉曼光谱及其一阶导数谱可作为地榆快速准确检测的依据。     

Synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from one-step pyrolysis of frontal-polymerized poly(acrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine)

We report herein the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) by a one-step pyrolysis from poly(acrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine) [poly(AAM-co-4-VP)]. The poly(AAM-co-4-VP) was fabricated using frontal polymerization within 5 min in an easy and rapid way and then was pyrolyzed to afford CDs. The as-prepared CDs show crystalline structure and excellent dispersibility with particle sizes in the range of 2–4 nm. The optical properties were throughly investigated, and we found the CDs exhibit strong blue fluorescence with quantum yield of ~18 % and excellent photoluminescent stability, which is rarely influenced by the external conditions. This process can be exploited as an effective path for synthesis CDs with polymers by a facile and rapid way.     

呼吸图法制备聚亚甲基-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯多孔薄膜

首先利用叶立德活性聚合和原子转移活性自由基聚合(ATRP)相结合制备了三个不同链段比的聚亚甲基-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PM-b-PMMA)两嵌段聚合物. 接着以它们为原料, 利用静态呼吸图方法在四种不同溶剂中制备了一系列的具有蜂窝状表面的多孔薄膜, 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了多孔薄膜的形貌. 研究了溶剂、溶液浓度、聚合物链段长度及链段比等因素对多孔薄膜表面孔的大小和分布的影响. 结果表明: 当PM_2k-b-PMMA_2k嵌段聚合物浓度为3 wt%、溶剂为二硫化碳(CS₂)和二氯甲烷(CH₂Cl₂)时, 可以通过静态呼吸图方法制备出孔径为纳米级(520 nm)和微米级(1.1 μm)的较为规整的多孔薄膜. 多孔薄膜表面的孔径随PM-b-PMMA浓度的减小而增大|两嵌段聚合物中两个链段的长度及其链段比的变化对多孔膜表面孔径均产生较大的影响.     

壳聚糖纳米银溶液的稳定性及在织物抗菌整理上的应用

采用化学还原法在不同浓度的壳聚糖醋酸溶液中以硼氢化钠还原硝酸银, 制备了系列壳聚糖纳米银溶液; 考察了不同质量分数的壳聚糖溶液对纳米银的浓度、 形貌和粒径大小的影响及纳米银的稳定性. 采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、 原子吸收光谱和透射电子显微镜对所得溶液进行表征, 结果表明, 当有壳聚糖存在时, 纳米银以小于50 nm球形粒子稳定分布于壳聚糖溶液中. 随着壳聚糖质量分数的增大, 形成纳米银浓度减小, 但稳定性提高, 壳聚糖质量分数控制在0.5%~0.7%范围内, 可得到浓度较高且稳定性良好的纳米银. 在壳聚糖和纳米银的共同作用下织物具有极好的抗菌性和抗菌长效性.     

Y2O3对铝代α-Ni(OH)2电极材料高温性能的影响

固相法合成的样品,经X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、电感螯合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)、比表面积(BET)、热重分析(TGA)和滴定法(CT)等表征为α-Ni0.81Al0.19(OH)2.19-2y(CO3)y·χH2O(χ=1.1～1.2,y=0.10-0.12).为了改善其高温性能,样品经混掺不同量Y2O3后作为氢镍电池的正极材料,做了不同温度恒流充放电、微电极循环伏安(CV)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)测定.结果表明,60℃时掺Y2O3O4wt%～1.2wt%,能提高样品不同倍率放电比容量达18.1%～42.0%,同时也改善了高温放电电位.     

Low-Frequency Internal Friction Study on the Structural Changes in Polymer Melts

With the help of the low-frequency internal friction method, we investigate the structural properties of polymer melts, such as amorphous polystyrene （PS）, poly（methyl methacrylate） （PMMA）, and semi-crystalline poly（ethylene oxide） （PEO）. An obvious peak of relaxation type is found in each of the internal friction curves. The peak temperature Tp follows the relation Tp ≈ （1.15- 1.18）Tg for PS and PMMA melts, while it follows Tp ≈ 1.22Tm for PEO melt, with Tg being the glass transition temperature and Tm the melting temperature. Based on the analysis of the features of this peak, it is found that this peak is related to the liquid-liquid transition temperature Tn of polymer melts. Mechanism of the liquid-liquid transition is suggested to be thermally-activated collective relaxation through cooperation. This finding may be helpful to understand the structural changes in polymer melts. In addition, the internal friction technique proves to be effective in studying dynamics in polymer melts.