基于大型激光装置的材料塑性变形行为微介观研究进展

微介观尺度下材料结构的实时演化行为是决定其动态力学性能的关键因素。大型激光装置作为集加载和诊断能力为一体的综合实验平台,为高温、高压、高应变率等极端条件下材料动态力学性能的微介观尺度研究提供了重要支撑。随着激光功率密度和脉冲整形能力的不断提升,实验所能探索的压力（10¹～10³ GPa）及应变率（10⁶～10¹⁰ s⁻¹）范围不断突破;而利用激光打靶产生的高亮X射线脉冲作为探测源,建立动态衍射和成像技术,可以实现高空间和时间分辨率下材料塑性变形机制的实时原位研究。简要介绍了基于大型激光装置的原位微介观实验技术及其在材料塑性变形行为研究中的应用,系统梳理了近二十年来具有代表性的研究成果,阐明了相关研究对推动材料动态响应多尺度物理建模的重要价值。     

航空高度FPGA单粒子翻转飞行实验及失效分析

随着微电子工艺的发展,小尺寸、高密度及低电压的器件越来越多地应用于航空电子设备。许多科研人员发现高层大气及外太空的带电粒子带来的粒子辐射会对航空电子器件产生严重的影响。基于民用航空局方的要求,鉴于机载设备对单粒子翻转效应的隐患以及航空机载设备国产化的迫切需求,开展FPGA器件用于机载电子设备可能遭遇的单粒子翻转效应的风险问题研究。分析了主流FPGA在航空飞行高度的飞行实验数据,进一步论证其是否满足民用航空的需求。大量数据的分析结果证明,以当下主流FPGA芯片的工艺尺寸、工作电压的条件,单粒子翻转效应是一个不容忽视的问题。即便是航空飞行高度甚至是地面高度,FPGA芯片因单粒子翻转导致失效也是无法满足民用航空设备的安全性要求。     

负梯度声速剖面的浅海混响平均强度的垂直结构

声速剖面是影响声场能量重新分配的主要参量。混响包含有双程传播和反向散射过程,文中根据全波动混响理论,从声速剖面对简正模态的垂直结构的影响出发,通过数值仿真和理论分析研究了负梯度声速剖面对双程传播损失和反向散射强度的垂直结构的影响,进而得到声速剖面对混响平均强度的垂直结构的影响。数值仿真结果表明,传播距离近的条件下,混响平均强度的垂直结构受声速剖面的影响在实际应用中可以忽略不计;传播距离足够远,并且相对声速梯度在10^-4 m^-1量级时,混响平均强度的垂直结构才会受声速剖面的影响有明显的变化。负声速梯度下的混响实验也表明,在有限的混响时间内,混响平均强度的垂直结构保持稳定。     

A vertex‐centered and positivity‐preserving scheme for anisotropic diffusion equations on general polyhedral meshes

We propose a new nonlinear positivity‐preserving finite volume scheme for anisotropic diffusion problems on general polyhedral meshes with possibly nonplanar faces. The scheme is a vertex‐centered one where the edge‐centered, face‐centered, and cell‐centered unknowns are treated as auxiliary ones that can be computed by simple second‐order and positivity‐preserving interpolation algorithms. Different from most existing positivity‐preserving schemes, the presented scheme is based on a special nonlinear two‐point flux approximation that has a fixed stencil and does not require the convex decomposition of the co‐normal. More interesting is that the flux discretization is actually performed on a fixed tetrahedral subcell of the primary cell, which makes the scheme very easy to be implemented on polyhedral meshes with star‐shaped cells. Moreover, it is suitable for polyhedral meshes with nonplanar faces, and it does not suffer the so‐called numerical heat‐barrier issue. The truncation error is analyzed rigorously, while the Picard method and its Anderson acceleration are used for the solution of the resulting nonlinear system. Numerical experiments are also provided to demonstrate the second‐order accuracy and well positivity of the numerical solution for heterogeneous and anisotropic diffusion problems on severely distorted grids.     

Understanding High‐Rate K+‐Solvent Co‐Intercalation in Natural Graphite for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Graphite shows great potential as an anode material for rechargeable metal‐ion batteries because of its high abundance and low cost. However, the electrochemical performance of graphite anode materials for rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries needs to be further improved. Reported herein is a natural graphite with superior rate performance and cycling stability obtained through a unique K⁺‐solvent co‐intercalation mechanism in a 1 m KCF₃SO₃ diethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte. The co‐intercalation mechanism was demonstrated by ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in situ X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the structure of the [K‐solvent]⁺ complexes intercalated with the graphite and the conditions for reversible K⁺‐solvent co‐intercalation into graphite are proposed based on the experimental results and first‐principles calculations. This work provides important insights into the design of natural graphite for high‐performance rechargeable potassium‐ion batteries.     

基于ARINC629的层次化验证平台设计

结合约束随机、覆盖率驱动及断言等多种验证方法,对层次化验证平台的搭建方法进行了研究;以对ARINC629航空数据总线接口控制器的验证过程为例,介绍了基于System Verilog的层次化验证平台的搭建过程及其使用方法;根据验证后覆盖率报告,证明各项功能均已达到其设计需求,且实现率为100%;验证结果表明该平台和传统验证方法相比极大地提高了验证效率,平台的搭建方法和结构具有一定的通用性,更改其数据生成模块即可用于其他类似设计的验证。     

聚环氧乙烷凝聚重量法结合ICP–AES法测定玻璃中的二氧化硅

建立聚环氧乙烷凝聚重量法结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP–AES)法测定玻璃中二氧化硅的分析方法。玻璃试样经1 000℃高温下无水碳酸钠熔融,以盐酸浸出后蒸成湿盐状,再用聚环氧乙烷凝聚,过滤并将沉淀灼烧,然后用氢氟酸处理,其前后的质量差即为沉淀的二氧化硅量,滤液中的二氧化硅用ICP–AES法测定,两者相加得试样中二氧化硅的总含量。在选定的条件下,用ICP–AES法测定二氧化硅的线性范围为0.20~50μg/m L,线性相关系数为0.999 5,检出限为0.20μg/m L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.45%(n=6),方法的回收率在98.6%~101.9%之间。该方法具有较高的准确度和良好的精密度,测定速度快,可用于玻璃中二氧化硅含量的测定。     

气相色谱保留指数定性方法研究进展

综述了程序升温气相色谱保留指数,I^T与Kovats恒温保留指数,之间的关系、I^T的标准化和重现性问题以及定量结构保留指数关系(QSRR)研究进展;对于应用特殊检测器和极性柱定性、对多环芳烃和多氯联苯类物质利用保留指数定性的情况,选择非正构烷烃类同系物作为参考标准时准确性大为提高,比较了由此得到的保留指数与Kovats保留指数的关系;展望了利用保留指数定性的前景。     

Fabrication of a 3D interdigitated double-coil microelectrode chip by MEMS technique

We have fabricated an interdigitated double-coil microelectrode chip for the determination of traces of phosphate by making use of a MEMS technique and enzyme immobilization technology. The chip is composed of two 3-dimensional strip microelectrodes which form a double coil microelectrode configuration with steep sidewalls and high aspect ratio. This novel configuration results in a high current response during amplification by redox cycling. The enzyme pyruvate oxidase was immobilized on the chip using gold nanoparticles as a support. Phosphate can be determined by using this chip with good sensitivity and linearity and in concentrations ranging from 0.5 μM to 7 μM.