Development of a Dewaxing Protocol for Tissue-Engineered Models of the Oral Mucosa Used for Raman Spectroscopic Analysis

Abstract: We demonstrate that wax-embedded models of tissue-engineered oral mucosa can be effectively dewaxed using xylene for Raman spectroscopic analysis. Tissue sections of 20 μm thickness were cut and mounted onto glass slides. Sections were placed in xylene for increasing lengths from 2 to 45 min. Acquired Raman spectra revealed the wax contribution in the fingerprint region until 28-min treatment in xylene. Good quality and wax-free spectra were recorded at 30, 35, 40, and 45 min in xylene with no significant differences among them. It is essential to collect uncontaminated Raman spectra in order to achieve authentic results because the fingerprint region of biological tissues holds extremely vital information that is of diagnostic significance in cancer.     

基于多模态平稳序列建模的雷达高分辨距离像有限样本目标识别方法

为了解决雷达高分辨距离像识别系统对训练样本需求量过大的问题,提出了一种有限样本条件下的目标识别新方法。分析了距离像频谱幅度的统计特性,从其广义平稳性和多模态分布特性出发,定义一种线性混合高斯状态空间模型对其统计建模,利用期望最大化算法进行了模型参数估计。实验结果表明:即使在很少的训练样本条件下,该方法仍能获得较高的正确识别率和良好的拒判性能。     

高温度ACE格式连续能量点截面数据产生程序SIGACE的验证

以最新发布的ENDF/BVII.1评价库为基础, 使用SIGACE程序将低温ACE格式中子截面文件加工成较高温度的ACE格式文件, 生成了一个与温度相关的中子截面文档。 为校核截面数据, 选取ICT、 标准CANDU组件燃料温度反应性系数、 LWR栅格多普勒系数以及SEFOR基准题对SIGACE加工的核数据进行了验证。 基准题计算结果均与参考值符合较好, 表明SIGACE生成的高温度ACE格式截面数据可用于反应堆相关中子学参数的计算。 Based on the recently released ENDF/B-VII.1 library, high temperature neutron cross section files are generated through SIGACE code using low temperature ACE format files. To verify the processed ACE file of SIGACE, benchmark calculations are performed in this paper. The calculated results of selected ICT, standard CANDU assembly, LWR Doppler coefficient and SEFOR benchmarks are well conformed with reference value, which indicates that high temperature ACE files processed by SIGACE can be used in related neutronics calculations.     

Two new noroleanane-type triterpenoid saponins from the stems of Stauntonia chinensis

Two new noroleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, 3β,20α,24-trihydroxy-29-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid 24-O-β-L-fucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 3β,20α,24-trihydroxy-29-norolean-12-en-28-oic acid 24-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from the stems of Stauntonia chinensis DC., together with three known compounds, brachyantheraoside B₂ (3), eupteleasaponin Ⅷ (4) and fargoside B (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against five human tumor cell lines (HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780). Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate cytotoxic activities toward the tested cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 12.71 to 32.04 μM.     

I2-promoted tandem cyclization to synthesize polysubstituted pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones

An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of various substituted pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-2,5-diones was developed via the I₂-promoted tandem cyclization of commercially available aryl methyl ketones and 4-hydroxycoumarins. Preliminary mechanism studies indicated that the reaction involved a consecutive iodination/Kornblum oxidation/annulation process. HI produced in the I₂-DMSO system acted as an important promoter, accelerating the annulation protocol.     

Synthesis of Novel Symmetric Porphyrin Schiff Base Dimers by Solid–Liquid Reaction Methodology

A new convenient solid–liquid condensation reaction procedure for the synthesis of novel asymmetric and symmetric meso‐tetraarylporphyrin and metalloporphyrin Schiff bases is reported. The condensation reaction between β‐formyl porphyrin or metalloporphyrins and aromatic amines was carried out at solid–liquid interface by using neutral alumina powder as a solid support for β‐formyl porphyrin or metalloporphyrins and absolute ethanol as the carrier solvent for aromatic amines. Six different asymmetric porphyrin/metalloporphyrin Schiff bases were synthesized via solid–liquid interface reaction methodology. The same solid–liquid synthetic methodology was applied for the synthesis of six novel symmetric Schiff base porphyrin/metalloporphyrin dimers. The comparison of UV–visible spectra of porphyrin Schiff base monomers and dimers revealed that some degree of electronic perturbation has occurred upon dimerization as the Soret bands of the monomers underwent peak broadening along with red shifts. Column chromatography and crystallization were used to purify the compounds. Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible, elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, and mass spectrometry were used to characterize the newly synthesized compounds.     

A deep insight into arsenic adsorption over γ-Al2O3 in the presence of SO2/NO

Arsenic is easily evaporated during coal combustion, which not only raises serious environmental concerns but also results in the deactivation of catalyst in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. It is a promising method to use sorbents for the capture of arsenic vapors (As₂O₃(g)) before As-containing flue gas entering SCR catalyst. However, arsenic has a strong affinity with sulfur in coal and SO₂ in the coal combustion flue gas strongly suppresses As₂O₃(g) capture by typical Ca/Fe-based sorbents. This study estimated the selective capture of As₂O₃(g) by γ-Al₂O₃ and the effects of SO₂ and NO on the arsenic adsorption were investigated. The results showed that As₂O₃(g) adsorption over γ-Al₂O₃ was effectively conducted at temperatures ranging from 300 to 400 °C. In the reacted γ-Al₂O₃, arsenic was predominantly in the form of As³⁺ through reactions with Al-O bonds and positive charged alumina ions. SO₂ was slightly adsorbed on γ-Al₂O₃, which had a limited effect on arsenic adsorption. The adsorption of SO₂ on γ-Al₂O₃ mainly occurred on the sites of hydroxyl groups (Al-OH) and few adsorbed SO₂ was bound with positive charged alumina ions. NO was catalytically oxidized by γ-Al₂O₃ and released as NO₂. Nevertheless, NO competed with As₂O₃(g) to adhere to positive charged alumina ions and strongly suppressed arsenic adsorption over γ-Al₂O₃. Fortunately, in the presence of SO₂, NO was mostly transformed into intermediate (-SO₃NO) at the sites of Al-OH on γ-Al₂O₃. As a result, the adverse effect of NO on the adsorption of As₂O₃(g) was weakened.     

亚铁氰化锌修饰膜电极的电化学行为研究及应用

用循环伏安法首次在金电极上制成一种新的类普鲁士－亚换氰化锌膜．研究发现，膜的形成不仅与新生成的Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）４－６和Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）有关，同时也受溶液中共存的其它离子的品种和浓度的影响．膜氧化时解离，溶解；还原时受膜厚度不同的影响呈不同的电极反应过程．现已提出了可能的反应机理．并利用亚铁氰化锌膜的特别性质，分析测定Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）达１×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，并也定量测定了Ｋ＋．