湿法脱硫浆液中Hg2+的还原机制研究

针对燃煤电厂湿法脱硫浆液中Hg²⁺易被还原的特性,研究Hg²⁺在模拟湿法脱硫系统中的迁移机制,考察了浆液温度、pH值以及SO₃^2-、Cl^-、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺浓度等因素对Hg²⁺还原性能的影响。结果表明,Hg²⁺还原率随着浆液中SO₃^2-浓度的增大而降低;pH值对Hg²⁺的还原呈先增加后降低的趋势,在pH值为5.5时还原率最高;温度的升高不利于浆液中稳定的二价汞盐络合物存在,导致Hg²⁺还原率增加;Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺以及Cl^-浓度的增加有利于形成稳定化合物,从而抑制Hg²⁺的还原。     

氧化铁对铂在碱性介质中催化氧化甲醇的促进作用

Pt催化剂是电催化领域用途最为广泛的贵金属催化剂.Pt资源稀缺,价格昂贵,同时它的物理化学特性又决定了其在多种催化反应中难以被替代.在质子交换膜燃料电池的小分子醇类电氧化过程中,难免存在Pt的毒化现象,其催化性能有待进一步提升.因此,围绕着Pt催化剂纳米结构的设计、抗毒性及反应机理的探索一直是电催化研究面临的重要课题.目前,已被广泛认可的提高Pt催化性能的方法之一是引入第二种金属,通过金属间协同效应(双功能机理)、张力效应或电子效应等对Pt的催化行为进行改性.对于由双/多金属组成的纳米结构催化剂,无论是协同效应还是电子效应,催化活性的提高都需要金属间有丰富的接触界面和恰当的邻近状态.通过调变两组元的种类、原子比和接触状态等可以实现对金属-金属界面的调控,进而调变催化剂性能.除金属助剂外,金属氧化物对Pt催化剂的助催化作用也引起广泛关注.由于金属氧化物与Pt之间的密切接触作用,氧化物的形貌特点对Pt的催化性能可产生重要影响.到目前为止,有关催化剂形貌效应的研究主要集中于贵金属纳米颗粒上(Pt,Au,Pd等),但关于金属氧化物载体/助剂的形貌对贵金属催化性能影响的研究尚不多.具有明确形貌的金属氧化物载体/助剂,暴露的晶面不同,表面原子的配位状态也不同,从而造成与之密切接触的Pt的性质发生改变.因此,金属氧化物的表面性质以及Pt-金属氧化物的界面性质将对电催化性能产生重要影响,深入阐释贵金属-金属氧化物的表/界面性质以及建立有效的构效关系,对设计和制备高效电催化剂具有一定的指导意义.为了提高Pt基催化剂活性、抗CO中毒能力以及稳定性,本文采用共沉淀法和水热法分别制备了纳米棒和六边形纳米片状的Fe2O3作为Pt催化剂的助剂,考察了助剂形貌对Pt催化剂在碱性介质中催化氧化甲醇的促进作用.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱以及电化学技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果显示,Fe2O3的存在能显著提高Pt催化剂在碱性介质中对甲醇氧化的电催化性能,而且以Fe2O3纳米棒为助剂制备的Pt-Fe2O3/C-R催化剂催化活性以及稳定性比Fe2O3纳米片为助剂制备的Pt-Fe2O3/C-P催化剂更高.这种促进效应可能与助剂Fe2O3的形态有关.Pt-Fe2O3/C-R催化剂中Pt的质量比活性为5.32 A/mgPt,本征活性为162.7 A/m2Pt,分别是Pt-Fe2O3/C-P催化剂的1.67和2.04倍,是商业PtRu/C样品的4.19和6.16倍.协同效应和电子效应是Pt催化性能提升的主要原因.此外,Pt-Fe2O3/C-R样品中高价态Pt的含量较高,可能也是加速甲醇氧化反应动力学的原因之一.高价态的Pt可能会增强甲醇分子在Pt表面的吸附强度,促进Pt上甲醇氧化反应初始步.这些发现不仅可对甲醇电催化氧化机理有了更深的理解,而且对设计和制备高性能甲醇氧化电催化剂也具有一定的指导意义.     

Antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun fiber mats prepared by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-assisted adsorption of Ag nanoparticles

Antibacterial thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) electrospun fiber mats were prepared by adsorption of Ag nanoparticles(Ag NPs) onto TPU/3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APS) co-electrospun fiber mats from silver sol. The use of APS can functionalize TPU fibers with amino groups, facilitating the adsorption of Ag NPs. The effects of p H of silver sol and APS content on Ag NP adsorption and antibacterial activity were investigated. Ag NP adsorption was evidenced by TEM, XPS and TGA. Significant Ag NP adsorption occurred at p H = 3-5. The main driving force for Ag NP adsorption is electrostatic interaction between ―NH3~+ of the fibers and ―COO-derived from the ―COOH group capped on the surfaces of Ag NPs. The antibacterial activity of the Ag NP-decorated TPU/APS fiber mats was investigated using both gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial rate increases with increasing APS content up to 5% where the antibacterial rates against both types of bacteria are over 99.9%.     

Fabrication of Electrospun PVDF Nanofibers with Higher Content of Polar β Phase and Smaller Diameter by Adding a Small Amount of Dioctadecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride

In this work,the effect of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DDAC,a kind of alkyl ammonium salt) on polar β phase content and the diameter of electrospun PVDF nanofibers was investigated for the first time.Our experimental results show that the diameter of the electrospun PVDF nanofiber could be largely reduced and the content of polar β phase also become dominant immediately by just adding a little amount of DDAC.When the mass fraction of DDAC reached 4%,the content of polar β phase increased by about 39.1% compared with PVDF nanofibers without DDAC.Besides,the crystallinity of PVDF nanofibers also increased with the addition of DDAC.Based on the results,the possible mechanism of cooperative effect between electrospinning and DDAC on fiber diameter and formation of β phase in PVDF was discussed.     

Experimental and Theoretical Optimization of Radio Frequency Hollow Cathode Discharge

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - In this paper, the electron density in radio frequency (RF) hollow cathode discharge (HCD) is investigated in experiments and in simulation based on...     

Comparison of Gasoline-Ranged <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Alkanes Conversions Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge: A Kinetic Study

Here, we compared the conversion of gasoline-ranged n-alkanes (C₆–C₉) using dielectric barrier discharge. For an energy density of ~68 J/L and an initial n-alkane concentration of ~230 ppm, when carbon number increased from 6 to 9, the energy efficiency of n-alkane conversion increased from 117 to 240 mmol/kWh, CO _x selectivity decreased from 46 to 20%, and ozone concentration increased from 216 to 240 ppm. The effect of energy density and initial n-alkane concentration were also investigated. The understanding of initial step of conversion was greatly aided by a proposed kinetic model. The pathways of consecutive reactions from the initiation to products were also discussed.     

点支撑预应力中厚矩形板的弯曲

基于Reissner-Mindlin一阶剪切变形板理论，讨论在预加面内机械荷载或温度场作用下，点支撑中厚矩形板的弯曲问题。温度场假定沿板表面为均布，沿板厚方向为线性分布的。利用考虑剪切变形影响的Timoshenko梁函数，采用Rayleigh-Ritz法给出不同边界条件下点支撑中厚板在横向荷载作用下的挠度和弯矩分布。结果表明，均匀温度场与预加面内压力将使板的挠度和弯矩增加。支撑点位置的变化、边界约束条件和横向剪切变形效应都对板的内力大小和分布有显著影响。     

部分均匀荷载作用下圆板塑性极限统一解

本文采用俞茂宏双剪统一屈服准则求解部分均匀荷载下简支圆板的塑性极限，已有的最大主应力准则、Ｔｒｅｓｃａ准则，Ｍｉｓｅｓ准则的解答均是该解答的特例或线性逼近。该解答可以适合于多种工程材料，具有普遍性和适用性，从得出的解析解和图示中可得出一些新的有益的认识     

中国红层的分布及地质环境特征

根据我国红层的分布特征及形成背景 ,将我国红层划分为西南地区红层、西北地区红层、中南、东南地区红层和其他地区 (西藏及华北的部分地区 )红层。重点研究了以川滇红层为代表的西南地区红层和以甘肃红层为代表的西北地区红层 ,研究了各个区域红层的地质构造特征、地形地貌特征、气候环境特征等工程地质环境特征 ,根据工程地质环境特征 ,将研究区域的红层划分为四川盆地红层、西昌—滇中红层、滇西红层和甘肃红层.     

The stable planar conformation of the γ-butyrolactone ring in solution

<正>The conformations ofγ-butyrolactone ring in solution were deduced on the basis of ~1H NMR spectra of geminal protons of the butyrolactone ring.A series of optically pure(Z)-(-)-4-(1'-alkoxyl-1'-carbalkoxy-methylene)-5(R)[(1R)-menthyloxy]-γ-butyr-olactones with a stable planar conformation of γ-butyrolactone ring were found.