Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1-[(1''-Phenyl-5''-methyl-4''-pyrazolcarbonyl)- 3-methylthio-5-amino-1H-yl-1,2,4-triazole

The crystal structure of 1-[(1'-phenyl-5'-methyl-4'-pyrazolcarbonyl)]-3-methyl thio-5-amino-1H-yl-1,2,4-triazole (C14H14N6OS, Mr = 314.37) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to triclinic, space group P with a = 8.026(3), b = 8.651(4), c = 11.369(5) (A), α = 89.917(7), β= 89.084(7), γ = 68.470(6)°, V = 734.2(5) (A)3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.422 g/cm3, ( = 0.232 mm-1, F(000) = 328, R = 0.0376 and wR = 0.0890 for 2950 unique reflections. The crystal structure shows the presence of a dimmer with intermolecular N(4)-H(4)…N(3A) hydrogen bonds.     

Mechanisms of ATPases--a multi-disciplinary approach

ATPases are important molecular machines that convert the chemical energies stored in ATP to mechanical actions within the cell. ATPases are among the most abundant proteins with diverse functions involved in almost every cellular pathway. The well characterised ATPases include the various motor proteins responsible for cargo transfers, cell motilities, and muscle contractions; the protein degradation machinery - the proteasome; the ATP synthase, F-ATPase; and the chaperone systems. Other ATPases include DNA helicases and DNA replication complex; proteins responsible for protein/complex disassembly; and certain gene regulators. It is beyond the scope of this review to cover the complete range of ATPases. Instead, we will focus on a few representative ATPases, chosen based on their diverse mechanisms and properties. Furthermore, this review is by no means trying to cover comprehensively the literature for each ATPase nor the historical aspects in each field. We will focus on describing the various techniques being employed to derive the mechanisms and properties of the chosen ATPases. Among them, high and low resolution structural studies combined with biochemical assays seem to be the dominant technical advances adapted to reveal mechanisms for most of the ATPases except the bacterial sigma54 activators, whose mechanism of action is mostly derived from large amount of biochemical studies. A number of them, especially the F-ATPase and motor proteins, have been studied successfully by various single molecule and imaging techniques. We will therefore discuss them in greater details in order to describe the wide range techniques being utilised.     

Speciation analysis of aluminium(III) in natural waters and biological fluids by complexing with various catechols followed by differential pulse voltammetry detection

The biological effects of aluminium have received much attention in recent years. Speciation of Al is of basic relevance as it concerns its reactivity and bioavailability. A differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) procedure is proposed for speciation analysis of Al(III) in natural waters and biological fluids using six catechols (L-dopa, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, caffeic acid and o-benzenediol) as electroactive ligands. The decrease of the DPV anodic peak current for each catechol ligand is linear with the increase of Al concentration. This speciation analysis idea is based on the measurement of the complexation capacity, namely, different affinities of Al(III) for catechols and organic ligands under two pH conditions. The labile monomeric Al fraction (mainly inorganic aluminium) is determined at pH 4.6, while the total monomeric Al fraction is determined at pH 8.5. The principle for Al(III) speciation analysis by an electrochemical method is discussed. This sensitive and simple fractionation method is successfully applied to the speciation analysis of Al in natural waters and the results agree well with those of Driscoll's method. The speciation analysis of Al in biological fluids is also explored and the results are compared with those obtained by ultrafiltration and dialysis. Compared with other speciation protocols the electrochemical method possesses some remarkable advantages: rapidity, high sensitivity, cheap instrumentation and a simple operation procedure.     

在肽库中进行小肽筛选的初步研究

以合成六肽ＤＧＧＳＡＡ为模型对在噬菌体肽库中进行小肽筛选做了初步研究。结果表明，含有可形成氢键和离子键残基的小肽能够在噬菌体肽库中进行筛选。并用明显提高了筛选的专一性。     

高温下硅酸锂吸收CO2的研究

以SiO₂和Li₂CO₃为反应原料，采用高温固相法于不同温度下合成了一系列可在高温500~750 ℃之间直接吸收CO₂的硅酸锂(Li₄SiO₄)材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)分别观察和评价了合成材料的表面形貌与结构特征，用热重分析仪(TG)研究了硅酸锂材料吸收CO₂的性能。实验结果表明，在750 ℃下煅烧6 h即可合成出吸收CO₂性能良好的硅酸锂材料，在CO₂气氛下，于700 ℃保持约15 min即可达到吸收平衡，其吸收量约达43%(wt)左右。与文献报道相比，材料的合成条件有所改善，材料吸收CO₂的容量也有较大提高。     

低温加氢催化剂的设计: 理论与实践

简要总结了我们在C=C及C=O双键低温加氢双金属催化剂方面的最新研究成果. 首先, 我们以环己烯加氢为探针反应, 证明了平行使用多种研究手段的重要性, 包括单晶表面的基础研究与DFT计算, 多晶表面的合成与表征, 负载型催化剂的制备与性能测试等. 其次, 总结了双金属催化剂在其他加氢反应, 如丙烯醛C=O双键的选择性加氢, 苯的低温加氢, 以及乙炔的选择性加氢等反应中的应用. 最后, 讨论了利用金属碳化物代替贵金属Pt以减少双金属催化剂中Pt用量的可能性.     

聚合物共混物脆韧转变性能研究 Ⅱ准韧性聚合物共混物脆韧转变的几何模型

给出了分散相粒间基体层厚度Ｔ与分散相粒径（ｄ）、粒径分散度（σ）和分散相体积分数（）的定量关系式．发现σ对Ｔ的影响与有关，不仅Ｔ随σ的增大而增大，而且越大，这种影响越显著．用计算机图像分析仪直接测定了聚氯乙烯／丁腈橡胶、聚丙烯（ＰＰ）／三元乙丙橡胶、ＰＰ／乙烯 醋酸乙烯酯共聚物共混物的Ｔ，发现这三种共混物的Ｔ近似于对数正态分布．理论预示与实验结果很好符合．     

低温加氢催化剂的设计: 理论与实践

简要总结了我们在C=C及C=O双键低温加氢双金属催化剂方面的最新研究成果. 首先, 我们以环己烯加氢为探针反应, 证明了平行使用多种研究手段的重要性, 包括单晶表面的基础研究与DFT计算, 多晶表面的合成与表征, 负载型催化剂的制备与性能测试等. 其次, 总结了双金属催化剂在其他加氢反应, 如丙烯醛C=O双键的选择性加氢, 苯的低温加氢, 以及乙炔的选择性加氢等反应中的应用. 最后, 讨论了利用金属碳化物代替贵金属Pt以减少双金属催化剂中Pt用量的可能性.     

A Novel Oxidative N-Demethylation of 12-Membered Macrolide with Lead Tetraacetate

Erythromycin has been extensively used in the treatment of bacterial infections for over 50 years1. In addition to the antimicrobial effect, the quite unique antiinflammatory activity of the erythromycin derivatives has attracted much attention as new the…     

表面含磷酸的介孔分子筛P-SBA-15的合成及其性能评价

采用后合成法，将磷酸固载在纯硅介孔分子筛SBA-15表面上。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（IR）、氮气吸附 脱咐法（BET）分析方法表征催化剂的物理性能。结果表明，催化剂P-SBA-15在高温焙烧后保持了稳定的介孔分子筛SBA-15结构，该催化剂的比表面积和孔径分别为605.45m2/g和5.576nm（磷硅摩尔比5%）。选用十一碳烯酸与异丙醇的酯化反应对催化剂P-SBA-15的催化反应性能进行评价，同时与其他几种微孔沸石分子筛催化剂催化性能相比表明，磷酸改性的介孔分子筛P SBA 15是合成十一烯酸异丙酯较为理想的固体酸催化剂，考察了催化剂的稳定性。