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121.
122.
New tantalum-based catalyst system for the selective trimerization of ethene to 1-hexene 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Andes C Harkins SB Murtuza S Oyler K Sen A 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2001,123(30):7423-7424
123.
We study the influence of restriction on Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill spin echo response of magnetization of spins diffusing in a bounded region in the presence of a nonuniform magnetic field gradient. We consider two fields in detail-a parabolic field which, like the uniform-gradient field, scales with the system size, and a cosine field which remains bounded. Corresponding to three main length scales, the pore size, L(S), the dephasing length, L(G), and the diffusion length during half-echo time, L(D), we identify three main regimes of decay of the total magnetization: motionally averaged, localization, and short-time. In the short-time regime (L(D) < L(S), L(G)), we confirm that the leading order behavior is controlled by the average of the square of the gradient, (nablaB(z))(2), and in the motionally averaged regime (MAv), where L(S) < L(D), L(G), by (integral dxB(z))(2). We verify numerically that two different fields for which those two averages are identical result in very similar decay profiles not only in the limits of short and long times but also in the intermediate times, with important practical implications. In the motionally averaged regime we found that previous estimates of the decay exponent for the parabolic field, based on a soft-boundary condition, are significantly altered in the presence of a more realistic, hard wall. We find the scaling of the decay exponent in the MAv regime with pore size to be L(2)(S) for the cosine field and L(6)(S) for the parabolic field, as contrasted with the linear gradient scaling of L(4)(S). In the localization regime, for both the cosine and the parabolic fields, the decay exponent depends on a fractional power of the gradient, implying a breakdown of the second cumulant or the Gaussian phase approximation. We also examined the validity of time-evolving the total magnetization according to a distribution of effective local gradients and found that such approximation works well only in the short-time regime and breaks down strongly for long times. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
124.
Mrinmay Pal Somnath Bandyopadhyay Palas Biswas Rimlee Debroy M. C. Paul Ranjan Sen Kamal Dasgupta S. K. Bhadra 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2007,39(14):1231-1243
In this paper, gain flatness is studied for simultaneous 16-ITU-T channel amplifications at C-band (1,532–1,558 nm) in a single
stage EDFA for WDM application at different average inversion levels. The inversion levels are varied due to the change of
the input signal levels from the targeted operating point and also for dropping few numbers of channels. Specially designed
gain flattening filter (GFF) is used in order to get the flat gain with gain variation ±0.5 dB for −20 dBm/ch input signal
power (total input signal power is −8.0 dBm) at a fixed average inversion level which is maintained by proper selection of
optimum fibre length and pump power. A specific loss spectrum of GFF is obtained by writing a chirped fibre Bragg grating
of length 20 mm. Gain variations are studied by changing the total input signal levels from −8.0 dBm to −20.0 dBm and maintained
within 20.0 ± 0.5 dB by using automatic gain control (AGC) circuit. About 15 out of 16 channels are dropped and observed ±
0.5 dB gain-variation which is an important parameter in optical network system. 相似文献
125.
Vikram Sen Neeraj Panwar G.L. Bhalla 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2007,68(9):1685-1691
We report here the structural, magnetotransport and morphological studies of Sb-doped La2/3Ba1/3Mn1−xSbxO3 perovskite manganites. Pristine material La2/3Ba1/3MnO3 (LBMO) shows two insulator-metal (I-M) transitions in the electrical resistivity-temperature (ρ-T) behavior. While the higher temperature transition (TP1) at ∼340 K is reminiscent of the usual I-M transition in manganites, the lower temperature transition (TP2) at ∼250 K has been ascribed to the grain boundary (GB) effects arising out of the ionic size mismatch between the ions present at the rare-earth site (La3+ and Ba2+). With Sb-doping TP1 shifts to lower temperatures while TP2 remains invariant up to 3% and shifts to lower temperature for 5%. Room temperature electrical resistivity and the peak values also increase successively with Sb-doping. Scanning electron micrographs of the samples exhibit a gradual increase in their grain sizes with Sb indicating a gradual decrease in the GB density. Shift of TP1 with doping is explained on the basis of a competition between double-exchange and super-exchange mechanisms. The overall electrical resistivity increases and the shift in the electrical resistivity hump (TP2) with Sb-doping is found related to be gradually decreasing GB density and the ensuing lattice strain increase at the GBs. The intrinsic magnetoresistance (MR) gets suppressed and extrinsic MR gets enhanced with Sb-doping. At T>TP1, the electrical resistivity is found to follow the adiabatic polaron hopping model whereas the electron-magnon scattering is found to dominate in the metallic regime (T<TP1). 相似文献
126.
Sol-gel derived Mg doped tin oxide (Sn1−xMgxO2) nanocrystals were synthesized with x ranging between 0.5 and 7 at. %. Characteristic single phase tetragonal structure of pure and doped samples was obtained and doping saturation was inferred by X-ray diffraction analysis. Structural, morphological and phase informations were obtained by high resolution transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively whereas bonding information was obtained from Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Measurement of different electrical parameters with frequency (200 Hz-105 Hz) has been carried out at room temperature. Ultrahigh dielectric constant and metallic AC conductivity were observed for undoped tin oxide and the profiles reflected highly sensitive changes in the atomic and interfacial polarizability generated by doping concentrations. Relaxation spectra of tangent loss of any sample did not show any loss peak within the frequency range. Both the grain and grain boundary contributions are observed to increase as the doping concentration increased. Results of first principle calculation based on density functional theory indicated effective Fermi level (EF) suppression due to Mg doping which is responsible for the experimentally observed conductivity variation. AC conductivity was found to depend strongly on the doping concentration and the defect chemistry of the compound. Mg doped SnO2 may find applications as a low loss dielectric and high density energy storage material. 相似文献
127.
128.
The aim in our article is to introduce the notion of statistical convergence and statistically Cauchy sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy n-normed linear spaces. The paper shows that some properties of statistical convergence of real sequences also hold for sequences in this space. Characterization for statistically convergent and statistically Cauchy sequences is also given. Further, the concept of statistical limit points and statistical cluster points are introduced and their relation with limit points of sequences have been investigated. 相似文献
129.
130.
A method is described for the spectrophotometric determination of gold in the concentration range of 2 to 16 p.p.m. using phenyl-α-pyridyl ketoxime as the reagent. The reagent permits to detect Iμ of gold in I ml of a solution. The method is particularly free from interference by the ions with which gold is frequently associated. 相似文献