An impedance analyzer method to simulate the oscillating characteristic of a series piezoelectric sensor in oscillators with zero or non-zero phases

An impedance analyzer method is employed to simulate the oscillation frequency of a series piezoelectric quartz crystal (SPQC) in electrolyte or non-electrolyte solutions. The influence of the oscillator phase on the oscillation frequency and response sensitivity are theoretically derived and experimentally verified. In non-electrolyte liquids, the oscillator phase has little effect on both the oscillation frequency and the response to the permittivity. But in electrolyte solutions, the oscillator phase has a significant influence on the oscillation frequency and the response sensitivity to the conductivity. Depending on the oscillator phase, the oscillation frequency of the SPQC may increase, be maintained or decrease with increasing conductivity in low or high conductive solutions. The dependence of the oscillation frequency of the SPQC on the supply voltage is explained. As an example of the applications, the SPQC is applied to the determination of the critical micelle concentration of ionic surfactants in aqueous solutions.     

The effects of media properties on the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed fluorogenic reaction

The effects of media properties including buffers, acidity, solvents and surfactant on horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed fluorogenic reaction were investigated. The results showed that the so-called non-fluorescent hydrogen donors were in fact fluorescent. There existed an acid—base equilibrium in the fluorescent dimer product. For p -hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, a pK_a value of 8.0 for the product was obtained from its titration curve. The product fluorescence increased with higher pH, however, a longer time was needed to reach the reaction equilibrium due to the pH mismatch problem. Cationic micelles cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride could reduce the pH mismatch and offered a way to further increase the determination sensitivity. Finally, a micelle-enhanced flow-injection analysis of horseradish peroxidase is suggested.     

NLS-tupe equations in 2+1 dimensions: New type of solutions and non-isospectral problems

Integrable systems of NLS type in 2+1 dimensions are studied in three ways: their special solutions by Lie point symmetries, breaking-solutions by the ISM, as well as the non-isospectral problems.Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computing Science, University of New England, Armidale N.S.W. 2351, Australia. E-mail: zhuhan@neumann.une.edu.au, xhe@metz.une.edu.au Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 99, No. 3, pp. 382–389, June, 1994.     

The distribution of square-full integers

Let , wheref(n) is the characteristic function of square-full integers. A formula is proved that can be used to obtain better upper bound estimate for (x). We get (x)=O(x ^5/33+), which improves the exponent 11/72 obtained by R. Blasubramania and K. Ramachandra.     

Spin coupling in distorted high-valent Fe(IV)-porphyrin radical complexes

In order to study structural influences on the interaction of Fe(IV) (S=1) and porphyrin cation radical (S=1/2) in high-valent iron porphyrin complexes of the type ¦X-(TMP)Fe=O¦⁺(Cl^–), X=I, Br₂, Br₄ were generated by mCPBA oxidation of corresponding Fe(III) porphyrins. The halogen substitution at the peripheral positions of the porphyrin leads to distortion of the planar porphyrin ring of ¦(TMP)Fe=O¦⁺. The new species have beeen investigated by temperature-dependent EPR and field-dependent Mössbauer spectroscopy; for the evaluation of spectra, we adopted the spin-Hamiltonian formalism including exchange interaction explicitly. As in ¦(TMP)Fe=O¦⁺, strong ferromagnetic spin coupling was observed with|J₀|D=0.9–1 and a zero-field spltting ofD32 cm^–1. For consistent parametrization of EPR and Mössbauer results, anisotropic coupling had to be introduced. Compared to ¦(TMP)Fe=O¦⁺ [1], analysis of the spectroscopic data shows that zero-field splitting and spin coupling is only slightly affected by the halogen distortion of the porphyrin structure.     

Mössbauer study of a novel series of ternary rare-earth iron-rich intermetallics: ND(Fe1-xTi x )6+y(x ∼ 0.1 and 0≤y≤5)

A study of the Nd-Fe-Ti phases at the Fe-rich end of the phase diagram has been carried out using⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). In particular,⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy has been used to characterize the phases present in these samples. In addition to the two well-known 217 and 112 phases, twonovel phases have been identified, with compositions denoted by3–29 and9–94, which are closely linked to the orthorhombic ScFe₆Ga₆-type and the hexagonal TbCu₇-type structures, respectively. The possible crystal structures of these new phases will be discussed in terms of the dumbbell substitution sequence in the CaCu₅ structure.     

Global energy spectra of bands and density of states in a class of two-tile systems

Electronic properties of a general class of one-dimensional two-tile systems are calculated exactly. The systems containing periodic crystals, generalized Fibonacci quasicrystals, generalized Thue-Morse aperiodic lattices and even other two-tile aperiodic lattices, can be divided into two different families which are constructed by the inflation rules: {A, B}{A ^m11 B ^m12,A ^m21 B ^m22} and {A, B}{A ⁿ¹¹ B ⁿ¹²,B ⁿ²¹ A ⁿ²²}, respectively. As typical examples, global spectra of bands and density of states in some two-tile aperiodic systems are numerically calculated. Some interesting properties are obtained.     

Mechanism transition of self-pumped phase conjugation in KTa1 −xNbxO3:Fe crystals

Mechanism transitions of Self-Pumped Phase Conjugation (SPPC) with wavelength and doping concentration are observed in KTN:Fe (KTa_{1 –x} Nb _x O₃:Fe with _x = 0.48) crystals. The SPPC mechanism in KTN: Fe (0.4 wt. %) crystal transforms from Stimulated Photorefractive Backscattering and Four-Wave Mixing (SPB-FWM) to cat (or total internal reflection) as the wavelength increases from 514.5 nm to 620 nm. SPPC at 514.5 nm is formed with the cat mechanism in a 0.2 wt. % doped KTN:Fe crystal, while with the SPB-FWM mechanism in a 0.4 wt. % doped one. These mechanism transitions are discussed with respect to the dependence of the backscattering gain coefficient of the crystals on wavelength and doping concentration.     

Origin and manifestation of the anharmonic potential felt by an ion-cloud in an actual Paul trap

The anharmonic potential felt by a single-species ions confined in a rf quadrupole trap which results from a non-ideal trap configuration and the charge distribution of the ion cloud is studied. The rf resonance-absorption spectra are explained by a Duffing oscillator and a representation of the line-shape parameter is derived. For > 0.77, the electric signals will exhibit hysteresis. The relation with the anharmonic potential is discussed.