Design of a tapered helix for suppressing backward wave oscillations in MMW TWT’s

Backward wave oscillations are easy occurred in high power helix millimeter wave traveling wave tubes (MMW TWT’s), owing to larger ka value and higher operating voltage. The start current of backward wave is calculated for helix TWT in Ka band. It is shown that start current will increase by used a tapered helix. Backward wave oscillations can be suppressed in tube. The design method of the tapered helix is given in this paper.     

Separation and Enrichment of the Active Component of Carbon Based Paramagnetic Materials for Use in EPR Oximetry

Carbon based paramagnetic materials are frequently used for EPR oximetry, especiallyin vivo,but the EPR spectra of these materials often have more than one paramagnetic center and/or relatively low signal intensity. To determine whether the multi-components of carbon based materials could be separated and enriched in the active component, we used density gradient centrifugation to separate the materials into several fractions. We studied two types of coals, gloxy and Pocahontas, and found these materials to have large density distribution. The separated density fractions had very different EPR spectra and intensities. The active component from the coal material had a more homogeneous EPR signal and significantly increased EPR signal intensity, whereas for India ink, only slight changes were observed. This result can be very useful in the development of better probes for EPR oximetry.     

醇体系中合成CuGaS2纳米晶及其形貌演变

以CuCl2·2H2O,自制的GaCl3和(NH2)2CS为原料,在乙二醇体系中合成了花状结构的CuGaS2纳米晶．产物分别用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辩透射电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪进行了表征．实验结果表明,220℃反应24 h得到均匀的花状纳米结构CuGaS2,它是由厚度80-100 nm的片晶组成．同时,通过反应时间的控制,可以清楚的看到由纳米颗粒到纳米球以及花状纳米结构的演变过程．另外,研究了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂等对产物和形貌的影响．此外,对花状结构纳米晶的生长机理进行了初步的探讨．室温荧光光谱表明,随粒径的降低,发光位发生了部分蓝移．     

分离变量法与等腰直角三角形波导的边值问题

根据叠加原理，讨论等腰直角三角形波导边值问题的IE波解和TM波解，纠正有关文献中的错误解法，指出分离变量法的适用条件。     

A remark on the mild solutions of non-local evolution equations

We provide a counterexample to some recent publications concerning the existence of the mild solutions of the non-local evolution equations, and indicate that in the study of the non-local evolution equations, the operators from which the mild solutions may be derived are in general not compact, thus those fixed point theorems requiring the compactness of the operators are not applicable.     

Pd (II)‐catalyzed vinyl addition polymerization of novel functionalized norbornene bearing dimethyl carboxylate groups

Three novel functionalized polynorbornenes (PNB) with pendant dimethyl carboxylate group (carboxylates—acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are synthesized as a vinyl‐type with a palladium (II) catalyst in high yield. The effects of size of substitutents, molar ratio of monomer to catalyst, solvent polarity, reaction time, and temperature on the polymerization of exo‐norbornene dimethyl propionate were systematically investigated. The low molar ratio and temperature, as well as high polarity of solvent, and long reaction time, are favorable for the enhancement of the monomer conversion, especially, the solvent have an obvious effect on the catalyst activity. The resulting poly(cis‐norbornene‐exo‐2,3‐dimethyl carboxylates) (PNB‐dimethyl carboxylates) show good solubility in common organic solvent and high thermal stability up to 360 °C. The glass transition temperature was detected by DMA at 331, 324, and 318 °C for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3391–3399, 2007     

Monte Carlo simulations on magnetic behavior of a spin-chain system in triangular lattice doped with antiferromagnetic bonds

A three-dimensional Ising-like model doped with anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) bonds is proposed to investigate the magnetic properties of a doped triangular spin-chain system by using a Monte-Carlo simulation. The simulated results indicate that a steplike magnetization behavior is very sensitive to the concentration of AFM bonds. A low concentration of AFM bonds can suppress the stepwise behavior considerably, in accordance with doping experiments on Ca₃Co₂O₆. The analysis of spin snapshots demonstrates that the AFM bond doping not only breaks the ferromagnetic ordered linear spin chains along the hexagonal c-axis but also has a great influence upon the spin configuration in the ab-plane.      

A functional modulus of continuity for Brownian motion

In this paper, we prove a sharpening of large deviation for increments of Brownian motion in (p,r)-capacity and Hölder norm case. As an application, we obtain a functional modulus of continuity for (p,r)-capacity in the stronger topology.     

Boiling heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in a flat heat pipe evaporator with micro-grooved heating surface

An experimental study was performed to understand the nucleate boiling heat transfer of water–CuO nanoparticles suspension (nanofluids) at different operating pressures and different nanoparticle mass concentrations. The experimental apparatus is a miniature flat heat pipe (MFHP) with micro-grooved heat transfer surface of its evaporator. The experimental results indicate that the operating pressure has great influence on the nucleate boiling characteristics in the MFHP evaporator. The heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux (CHF) of nanofluids increase greatly with decreasing pressure as compared with those of water. The heat transfer coefficient and the CHF of nanofluids can increase about 25% and 50%, respectively, at atmospheric pressure whereas about 100% and 150%, respectively, at the pressure of 7.4 kPa. Nanoparticle mass concentration also has significant influence on the boiling heat transfer and the CHF of nanofluids. The heat transfer coefficient and the CHF increase slowly with the increase of the nanoparticle mass concentration at low concentration conditions. However, when the nanoparticle mass concentration is over 1.0 wt%, the CHF enhancement is close to a constant number and the heat transfer coefficient deteriorates. There exists an optimum mass concentration for nanofluids which corresponds to the maximum heat transfer enhancement and this optimum mass concentration is 1.0 wt% at all test pressures. The experiment confirmed that the boiling heat transfer characteristics of the MFHP evaporator can evidently be strengthened by using water/CuO nanofluids.     

Phenylene vinylene‐based electroluminescent polymers with electron transport block in the main chain

We report a new route for the design of soluble phenylene vinylene (PV) based electroluminescent polymers bearing electron‐deficient oxadizole (OXD) and triazole (TZ) moieties in the main chains with the aryloxy linkage. Both series of the PV‐based polymers were prepared by Wittig reaction. By properly adjusting the OXD and/or TZ content through copolymerization, we can achieve an enhanced balance of hole‐ and electron injections, such that the device efficiency is significantly improved. Light‐emitting diodes fabricated from P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and P7 with the configuration of Indium–Tin Oxide (ITO)/Poly (styrene sulfonic acid) doped poly (ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/polymer/Ca/Al, emit bright green light with the maximum peak around 500 nm. For the device using the optimal polymer (P4) as emitting layer, a maximum brightness of 1300 cd/m² at 20 V and a maximum luminance efficiency of 0.325 cd/A can be obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3469–3478, 2006