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151.
A new biodegradable polymer system, poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blend was prepared by a solvent casting method using chloroform as a co-solvent. The PPDO/PEG blends have different weight ratios of 95/5, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30. Crystallization of homopolymers and blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). When 5% of PEG was blended, the crystallization exothermal peaks (Tc) of PPDO increased sharply and the crystallization exothermal peaks (Tc) of PEG decreased slightly compared with the homopolymers. The crystallization rates of both components increased, and caused greater relative crystallization degree (Xt%). But when the content of PEG was more than 5%, the crystalline behaviors of blends had no more significant changes accordingly. The melting points of each sample varied little over the entire composition range in this study. The nonisothermal crystallization of PPDO homopolymer and blend (PPDO/PEG = 70/30) were also studied by DSC. The crystallization began at a higher temperature when the cooling rates were slower. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends was analyzed by Ozawa equation. The results showed that the Ozawa equation failed to describe the whole crystallization of the blend, but Mo equation could depict the nonisothermal crystallization perfectly. 相似文献
152.
Prof. Dr. H. G. Kilian 《Colloid and polymer science》1977,255(8):740-754
Summary A thermodynamic treatment of homo-polymer systems out of linear chains with folded chain crystals is developed outgoing from appropriate models for single component systems. An expansion of thermodynamics to multi-micro-phase systems the structure of which is partially or totaly frozen is indispensable. General properties of melt crystallized homopolymers with folded chain crystals can be recognized indeed when the thermodynamic formalisms developed are applied.
Notation g c (y);g m (Y) molar Gibbs-free energy of a chain of a lengthy within an extended chain crystal and the melt rsp - g o c ;g o m molar free enthalpy of the unit in the crystal lattice and the melt rsp - g(y,y, f) molar Gibbs-function of an ideally folded chain crystal with the fold heighty f - gco(y, y ef,y f) molar free enthalpy of the crystal corey co - g 0 ex ((yef) excess free enthalpy of the longitudinal layers of folded chain crystals - g f(yef,g o ex ) molar free enthalpy of the longitudinal layers of the folded chain crystals - g tot molar free enthalpy of a chain of the lengthy within a folded chain crystal with longitudinal layers - h o 1c ,h o m molar enthalpy of the chain unit within the crystal lattice and the melt rsp - h =h o m -h o c molar heat of fusion of the unit - C p=C p m -C p c difference of the molar specific heat of a unit within the melt and within the chain crystal - h D molar defect enthalpy of local defects within the crystal lattice - h D molar defect enthalpy of the unit - s o c ,s o m molar entropy of the chain unit within the crystal lattice and the melt rsp - s c m conformational entropy of a chain in the melt - s gk conformational entropy of a chain of lengthy within a super-lattice as indicated in figure 5, - s molar entropy of fusion of the melt - s n c nematic configurational entropy - T absolute temperature - T M melting temperature of extended chain crystals of infinite size - T M(y) melting temperature of extended chain crystals containing only chains of the lengthy - T M (y, y f) melting temperatureof folded chain crystals of the thicknessy f composed of chains of the lengthy - T M(y f) melting temperature of folded chain crystals of the thicknessy fy - eh excess free enthalpy of the chain ends occupying crystallographic places - ef excess free enthalpy of a single fold loop - z coordination number of the lattice - 7 Euler's constant - R Boltzmann's constant - y number of chain units - y f height of lamelliform folded chain crystals - f=(y/y f - 1) number of fold loops of a chain of a lengthy when being built into a folded chain crystal of the thicknessy f - y co thickness of the crystal core of the simplified twophase model - y et average thickness of the surface layers of folded chain crystals - N c number of crystallized units of a chain of the lengthy - x c molar number of crystallized units of a chain of the lengthy - x nc molar number of noncrystallized units - excess free enthalpy parameter - (y f) thickness distribution of the fold heightsy f With 15 figures and 2 tables 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Das Schmelzen in polymeren Einteilchensystemen mit Faltungskristallen einheitlicher Dicke kann thermodynamisch als Umwandlung 1. Ordnung in einer Richtung behandelt werden, wenn die Faltungslänge bis zur Umwandlungstemperatur konstant bleibt (Faltungslänge als innerer Zusatzparameter). Eine wesentliche begriffliche Erweiterung ist für eine phänomenologische Beschreibung mit den Mitteln der Thermodynamik unumgänglich, wenn eine Faltungskristallit-Dickenverteilung existiert, weil dann prinzipiell nur noch partielle Koexistenz bestimmter Fraktionen metastabiler autonomer Mikrophasen mit der Schmelze möglich ist. Partielles Aufschmelzen und Rektistallisation können so dann auch in Betracht genommen werden. Die entwickelten Konzeptionen bewähren sich in der Anwendung auf bekannte Experimente.
Notation g c (y);g m (Y) molar Gibbs-free energy of a chain of a lengthy within an extended chain crystal and the melt rsp - g o c ;g o m molar free enthalpy of the unit in the crystal lattice and the melt rsp - g(y,y, f) molar Gibbs-function of an ideally folded chain crystal with the fold heighty f - gco(y, y ef,y f) molar free enthalpy of the crystal corey co - g 0 ex ((yef) excess free enthalpy of the longitudinal layers of folded chain crystals - g f(yef,g o ex ) molar free enthalpy of the longitudinal layers of the folded chain crystals - g tot molar free enthalpy of a chain of the lengthy within a folded chain crystal with longitudinal layers - h o 1c ,h o m molar enthalpy of the chain unit within the crystal lattice and the melt rsp - h =h o m -h o c molar heat of fusion of the unit - C p=C p m -C p c difference of the molar specific heat of a unit within the melt and within the chain crystal - h D molar defect enthalpy of local defects within the crystal lattice - h D molar defect enthalpy of the unit - s o c ,s o m molar entropy of the chain unit within the crystal lattice and the melt rsp - s c m conformational entropy of a chain in the melt - s gk conformational entropy of a chain of lengthy within a super-lattice as indicated in figure 5, - s molar entropy of fusion of the melt - s n c nematic configurational entropy - T absolute temperature - T M melting temperature of extended chain crystals of infinite size - T M(y) melting temperature of extended chain crystals containing only chains of the lengthy - T M (y, y f) melting temperatureof folded chain crystals of the thicknessy f composed of chains of the lengthy - T M(y f) melting temperature of folded chain crystals of the thicknessy fy - eh excess free enthalpy of the chain ends occupying crystallographic places - ef excess free enthalpy of a single fold loop - z coordination number of the lattice - 7 Euler's constant - R Boltzmann's constant - y number of chain units - y f height of lamelliform folded chain crystals - f=(y/y f - 1) number of fold loops of a chain of a lengthy when being built into a folded chain crystal of the thicknessy f - y co thickness of the crystal core of the simplified twophase model - y et average thickness of the surface layers of folded chain crystals - N c number of crystallized units of a chain of the lengthy - x c molar number of crystallized units of a chain of the lengthy - x nc molar number of noncrystallized units - excess free enthalpy parameter - (y f) thickness distribution of the fold heightsy f With 15 figures and 2 tables 相似文献
153.
Prof. Dr. G. Zigeuner W. Galatik W. -B. Lintschinger F. Wede 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1975,106(5):1219-1233
The title compounds7 are formed in a general reaction by heating β-isothiocyanoketones3 with primary amines in inert solvents, or by thermal elimination of water from tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinethiones5, also in inert solvents. The 1-alkyl compounds can also be prepared under similar conditions from α,β-unsaturated ketones by reaction with alkylammonium rhodanides. The NMR-spectra show that the 1-substituted dihydro-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinethiones are in tautomeric equilibrium with the tetrahydro-6-methylene-2(1H)-pyrimidinethiones13. The reactivity of 1-alkyl and 1-aryldihydro-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinethiones is similar to that of dihydro-4,4,6-trimethyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinethione7 j, although their ring stability is certainly less. 相似文献
154.
Prof. Dr. E. Nachbaur A. Popitsch P. Burkert 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1974,105(4):822-833
According to spectroscopic (IR, broadline proton NMR) and chemical (alkylation) investigations of disilver sulphamide the following molecular structure is assumed: $$\begin{gathered} O \hfill \\ || \hfill \\ H_2 N\_\_S\_\_NAg| \hfill \\ OAg \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ From the IR and NMR data deduction concerning the nature of the chemical bonds in this compound is possible. The instability of the still unknown mono-and trisilver sulphamide is discussed with regard to the structure of disilver sulphamide. 相似文献
155.
Jun Zhou Jie Yang Li Qi Xuan Shen Dunru Zhu Yan Xu You Song 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2007,32(6):711-715
A novel dinuclear nickel(II) complex, [Ni2(MOBPT)2Cl2(H2O)2]Cl2 · 7H2O (MOBPT = 4-(p-methoxyphenyl) −3,5-bis(pyridine-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and single crystal X-ray
diffraction methods. The crystal structure determination shows that the dinuclear Ni2N8 unit is almost planer in which each NiII ion is coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from MOBPT equatorially and a water molecule and a chloride ion axially in a distorted
octahedral geometry. Magnetic measurements reveal a relatively weak antiferromagnetic exchange in the complex. 相似文献
156.
Yang Nan Subhash P. Upadhyaya Wei Xu Kathrine E. Hughes William J. Dunn Ludwig Bauer Hemendra N. Bhargava George A. Doss 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1996,33(2):399-407
A number of (E)-7-arylidenenaltrexones were synthesized by azeotropic distillation of water from a benzene solution of naltrexone and an aromatic aldehyde (benzaldehyde, 4-chloro- and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde, 3-and 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde and 1-methyl-2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde) using piperidine as a catalyst. In addition, (E)-7-benzylidenenaloxone was prepared by the previously published Claisen-Schmidt condensation using sodium hydroxide in methanol. The stereochemistry of these arylidene derivatives 3–9 was determined to be (E) by means of nuclear Overhauser enhancement experiments. The 13C nmr spectra of (E)- 3–9 are recorded in deuteriochloroform and those of the hydrochlorides in deuteriodimethyl sulfoxide. 相似文献
157.
从光干涉方式,瞳窗关系和光源带宽等基本关系出发,利用空间不变系统理论解析了相移显微干涉检测系统中衍射效应的影响。为了减小横向分辨率对纵向分辨率的影响,利用相关信息提取或数字滤波的方法,获得了纳米分辨率的三维形貌。 相似文献
158.
Prof. Dr. Maximilian Pöhm Harald Kolassa Kurt Jentzsch 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1977,108(2):393-395
It is well known that in the ergot alkaloids of the peptide type the proline appears in thel-configuration. Different methods of acid hydrolysis may lead to various cleavage products; hydrolysis by HCl yieldsd-proline, on the other hand hydrolytic cleavage by means of strongly acid cation exchange resin preserved the orginall-configuration.
Teilveröffentlichung der Dissertation vonH. Kolassa, Univ. Wien, 1973. 相似文献
Teilveröffentlichung der Dissertation vonH. Kolassa, Univ. Wien, 1973. 相似文献
159.
Zusammenfassung Acenaphthylen wurde durch Anpolymerisation und zweifache Hochvakuumsublimation gereinigt. Die Reinigungsmethode wird ausführlich beschrieben.Bei verschiedenen Temperaturen wurde mit einer dilatometrischen Methode die thermische Bruttogeschwindigkeit gemessen. Zwischen 95 und 105 °C giltk
br=7,08·1010 exp (– 30,9 kcal/RT).Die beträchtliche Aktivierungsenergie der Bruttoreaktion ist sowohl auf eine große Aktivierungsenergie der thermischen Startreaktion als auch auf eine relativ hohe Wachstumsaktivierungsenergie zurückzuführen.Das Polymerisationsverhalten von Acenaphthylen kann vermutlich aufgrund seiner sterischen Eigenschaften erklärt werden.
Summary Acenaphthylene was purified by partial polymerisation, followed by double stage high vacuum sublimation. The method of purification is described in detail.The thermal overall rate was measured at different temperatures by a dilatometric method. Between 95 and 105 °C the following relation holds:k th=7,08 · 1010 exp (– 30,9 kcal/RT).The considerable energy of activation of the overall reaction depends on a relatively high energy of activation of both the thermal initiation and the propagation reaction.It is supposed, that the polymerisation behaviour of acenaphthylene depends mainly on its steric properties.相似文献
160.
The synthesis, dual fluorescence, and fluoroionophoric behavior of two donor-sigma spacer-acceptor (D-s-A) compounds, trans-4-(N,N-bis(2-pyridyl)amino)methylstilbene (1H) and trans-4-(N,N-bis(2-pyridyl)amino)methyl-4'-cyanostilbene (1CN), are reported and compared to that of trans-4-(N,N-bis(2-pyridyl)amino)methyl-4'-(N,N-dimethylamino)stilbene (1DPA). To gain insights into the dual fluorescence properties for 1H and 1CN in polar but not in nonpolar solvents, model compounds resulting from a replacement of the stilbene group by alkyl (2R) or xylyl (2X) groups or from a replacement of the dipyridylamino (dpa) group by dianisoleamino (3AA), diethylamino (3EE), methylanilino (3MP), or diphenylamino (3PP) groups also have been investigated. In addition to 1H and 1CN, all four compounds of 3 display dual fluorescence. The locally excited (LE) fluorescence mainly results from the stilbene group and the ICT fluorescence from the through-bond interactions between the amino donor and the stilbene acceptors. In the presence of transition metal ions such as Zn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II), the ICT processes are switched from dpa (D) --> stilbene (A) in 1H and 1CN to stilbene (D) --> dpa/metal ion (A) in their complexes. Whereas the ICT states for the complexes are generally nonfluorescent, an exception was found for the case of 1H/Zn(II). As a result, substituent-dependent fluoroionophoric behavior has been demonstrated by 1H, 1CN, and 1DPA in response to Zn(II). 相似文献