Understanding first law of thermodynamics of black holes

We approach the thermodynamic properties of the d-dimensional RN black holes, discuss the three expressions for the first law of thermodynamics for black holes and calculate the energies in the three regions of the black hole spacetimes. Some remarks of the first law of thermodynamics and the thermal properties for the black holes are given.     

Eu掺杂SiO2纳米基质的发光特性

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备了Eu掺杂的SiO₂干凝胶,分别用光致发光(PL)光谱、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外吸收(IR)谱等分析手段对样品进行了表征,研究了SiO₂的基质中Eu³⁺、Eu²⁺的发光特性以及退火温度对发射光谱的影响,并对其发光机理进行了分析。结果表明,样品掺杂均匀,颗粒尺寸大约在50~80 nm,硼(B)离子进入SiO₂网格,成为了基质的一部分,改变了基质的网络结构。当采用258 nm激发样品时,随着退火温度的升高,红光发射强度先增强后减弱。对于经800 ℃退火处理的样品红光发射最强,出现了576 nm(⁵D₀ →⁷F₀),620 nm(⁵D₀ →⁷F₂),658 nm(⁵D₀ →⁷F₃)3条谱线,其中主峰位于 620 nm红光发射,对应于Eu³⁺离子的⁵D₀ →⁷F₂超灵敏跃迁,进一步说明B离子参与到基质中,形成了Si—O—B键,导致Eu³⁺离子所处配位环境的对称性降低,从而有利于Eu³⁺离子的特征发射;当采用271 nm激发样品时,随着退火温度的升高,蓝光发射强度先增强后减弱,经850 ℃退火的样品400~500 nm蓝光发射最强,归属于Eu²⁺的5d→4f的跃迁发射,证明在铝离子(Al³⁺)存在的情形下,在高温退火过程中Al³⁺部分取代Si⁴⁺形成AlO^-₄基团,掺杂Eu³⁺填补AlO^-₄基团附近的空位,增加了Eu³⁺周围的AlO^-₄四面体中氧原子的电子给予能力,使得Eu³⁺还原成Eu²⁺,从而得到了较强的蓝光发射。但是,当退火温度达到900 ℃时,由于稀土离子发生位置的迁移形成团簇红光和蓝光都明显地降低。     

一种新型红色荧光粉CaAl12O19： Eu,Mn的制备及发光性能

固相法制备了碱土金属铝酸盐荧光粉CaAl₁₂O₁₉ : Eu,Mn,测试了样品的XRD及激发与发射光谱,对样品的结构及其发光性能进行了分析,并且考察了灼烧温度及Eu³⁺的浓度对样品发光性能的影响,对Eu³⁺的作用机理进行了探讨。 该荧光粉能被波长短于550 nm的蓝绿光以及紫外和近紫外光激发,其发射光谱峰值在590,615,645,657 nm,其中前两个为Eu³⁺的特征发射,后两个为Mn⁴⁺的²E-⁴ A₂跃迁发射。该荧光粉的最佳烧结温度与时间分别为1 550 ℃和4 h,Eu³⁺的最佳掺杂摩尔分数为0.11%左右。     

太阳能热气流发电系统非稳态耦合数值分析

对包含蓄热层的太阳能热气流发电系统的传热与流动特性进行非稳态耦合数值模拟.建立了集热棚、烟囱以及蓄热层内部传热与流动数学模型.分析了不同蓄热介质的太阳辐射响应特性对系统昼夜发电峰谷差的影响,计算结果表明:采用热容较高的土壤作为蓄热介质可以有效降低昼夜平均温度的峰谷差,从而有效调整系统的昼夜发电峰谷差;蓄热层表面温度越高,系统不可逆性越大,能量损失和可用能损失越大;蓄热层导热系数越大,蓄热层表面温度越小,烟囱出口平均温度和平均速度越高,通过烟囱出口的能量损失越大.     

ICP-AES法检测云南稻精米和糙米与土壤矿质元素间的关联性

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)对55个云南省水稻改良品种精米、糙米及其相应的土壤18种矿质元素进行测定与分析, 加标回收率在93.1%～110.2%之间, RSD为0.8%～5.1%。18种矿质元素(S, Mo, Ba, Ni, Fe, Cr, Na, Al, Cu, P, Sn, Zn, B, Mn, Mg, Ca, Sr和K)是功能稻米活性成分的重要部分,精米的平均含量依次为P>K>S>Mg>Ca>Zn>Na>Al>Mn>Fe>Cu>B>Mo>Ni>Sn>Cr>Ba>Sr, 糙米P>K>Mg>S>Ca>Zn>Mn>Al>Na>Fe>Cu>B>Mo>Sn>Ni>Cr>Ba>Sr, 而土壤则为Fe>Al> Ca>K>Mg>P>S>Mn>B>Na>Ba>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Sn>Mo>Sr;精米和糙米除S和P外, 16种矿质元素含量均明显低于土壤;精米和糙米间八种微量元素(Mo, Ni, Cr, Sr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na)间相关性明显比六种宏量元素(P, K, Mg, Ca, S和Al)间关系密切。云南土壤以富铁铝高钙为主而精米和糙米则以磷钾镁硫为主;以精米为主食比糙米更易诱发慢性病。文章结果可能为功能稻米遗传育种、生产以及人类慢性病和矿质营养不良(Fe, Zn和Ca)问题研究的参考。     

基于多项式模型的混沌系统平方和算法脉冲控制

针对一大类混沌系统,提出一种新颖的基于多项式模型的脉冲控制方法.首先,建立系统的多项式模型.其状态方程由系统状态的多项式矩阵与其单项式组成列向量构成.与其他建模方法相比,该方法不必使用任何预制的假设.其次,提出基于平方和优化算法的脉冲控制方法,使得混沌系统的状态能够实现渐近稳定.基于该算法的脉冲控制与基于线性矩阵不等式凸优化算法的结果相比,能得到更大的脉冲间距,从而可以使用较少的控制能量实现同样的控制效果.最后,仿真实验结果验证了本方法的有效性.     

Mechanically strengthened new Hagi porcelain developed by controlling the chemical environment of iron

In order to enhance the mechanical strength of Hagi Porcelain (Hagiyaki), one of the oldest and famous potteries in Japan, new preparation condition was examined. Tempered Hagi porcelain, denominated as ‘Hagi Porcelain B’, was prepared with the Porcelain clay originating from Daido district, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Structural change of ‘Hagi Porcelain B’ was investigated by means of ⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and three-point bending test. Mechanical strength of the ‘original Hagi Porcelain B’ was estimated to be 43.1 MPa by means of the three-point bending test, while much larger value of 104.5 MPa could be achieved when tempered by a chemical modification. Mössbauer spectrum of the ‘original Hagi porcelain B’ was composed of a paramagnetic doublet and a magnetic sextet due to Fe(III) of γ-Fe₂O₃(maghemite), while only one paramagnetic doublet due to to octahedral Fe(II)O₆ was observed for the ‘tempered Hagi Porcelain B’ with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting values of 1.13 and 2.15 mm s^?1, respectively. It is considered that the absence of magnetic phase causes an increase of the mechanical strength because the maghemite phase has a defect spinel structure. These results indicate that mechanical strength of the ‘Hagi porcelain B’ could be enhanced by controlling the sintering condition.     

Monte Carlo simulation of glandular dose in a dedicated breast CT system

A dedicated breast CT system (DBCT) is a new method for breast cancer detection proposed in recent years. In this paper, the glandular dose in the DBCT is simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The phantom shape is half ellipsoid, and a series of phantoms with different sizes, shapes and compositions were constructed. In order to optimize the spectra, monoenergy X-ray beams of 5-80 keV were used in simulation. The dose distribution of a breast phantom was studied: a higher energy beam generated more uniform distribution, and the outer parts got more dose than the inner parts. For polyenergtic spectra, four spectra of Al filters with different thicknesses were simulated, and the polyenergtic glandular dose was calculated as a spectral weighted combination of the monoenergetic dose.     

Coupling influence on the refractive index sensitivity of photonic wire ring resonator

By taking the coupling effect into consideration, we study the resonance condition of a photonic wire microring resonator (PWRR) sensor and compare our results with the previous work. Simulation results show that the resonant wavelength and sensitivity strongly depend on the coupling strength. The difference caused by the coupling effect can be up to tens of nanometers for the resonant peak position and tens of nm/RIU for the sensitivity in a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) PWRR. Such a giant influence from coupling effect cannot be disregarded and should be considered seriously for the design and application of PWRRs. It also shows an alternative tuning technique by controlling the coupling strength.     

长亚甲基链段改性固化剂的制备与性能

采用二官能度环氧树脂对己二胺进行改性,得到了含多段长亚甲基链段的柔性固化剂。利用红外光谱表征其基本结构。采用环氧树脂E-44与之进行固化,通过不同温度下固化时间对力学强度影响的分析,初步确定其最佳固化条件为80 ℃,6 h。通过热重分析检测不同固化比例下固化产物的热稳定性,并采用差示扫描量热法研究该固化剂的固化动力学参数、反应活性、最佳固化温度及时间。对其固化物拉伸剪切强度进行测试,测试结果表明：在固化比例为1:0.5时,在-196 ℃、室温、60 ℃下的拉伸剪切强度分别为16.84,14.73和13.52 MPa,基本满足实际应用的需求。