Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanostructures: the case of silver

The concept of shape-controlled synthesis is discussed by investigating the growth mechanisms for silver nanocubes, nanowires, and nanospheres produced through a polymer-mediated polyol process. Experimental parameters, such as the concentration of AgNO(3) (the precursor to silver), the molar ratio between poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, the capping agent) and AgNO(3), and the strength of chemical interaction between PVP and various crystallographic planes of silver, were found to determine the crystallinity of seeds (e.g., single crystal versus decahedral multiply twinned particles). In turn, the crystallinity of a seed and the extent of the PVP coverage on the seed were both instrumental in controlling the morphology of final product. The ability to generate silver nanostructures with well-defined morphologies provides a great opportunity to experimentally and systematically study the relationship between their properties and geometric shapes.     

用双表面活性剂为共模板合成中孔分子筛MCM-48

利用水热法以非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为共模板合成了中孔分子筛MCM-48.实验中发现利用较强的范德华力和氢键,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚可在很大程度上降低合成MCM-48所需阳离子表面活性剂的用量,且利于制备有序性好、骨架聚合度高、稳定性好的MCM-48.通过调节聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的比例,可得到不同物相结构的分子筛.     

吸附伏安法测定表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度

以易溶于有机溶剂，微溶于水的氧化－还原指示剂中性红为探针，用吸附伏安法测定了阴离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度。测量的基本原理是：存在于表面活性剂溶液中的微量中性红在悬汞电极上的吸附伏安峰电流对表面活性剂浓度的曲线在临界胶束浓度处有一拐点。     

非离子型表面活性剂组成的微乳液热力学性质 (IV) 烷烃的碳原子数影响

由表面活性剂、醇、油和水所组成的微乳液,油相的烷烃长度会影响到微乳液的性质,主要表现在界面相组成和界面张力.Birdi 用加溶法研究以十六烷、硬脂酸钠、水和醇(从C_5到C_9)所组成的微乳液,醇的碳原子数n_a 与标准自由能△G(?)有以下关系:△G(?),醇=1563-839.5n_a(J·mol~(-1)在同样体系内,戊醇和不同烷烃则:     

N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Palladium Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for the Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines to Ureas

A highly efficient oxidative carbonylation reaction of amines to ureas was developed making use of carbene–palladium complexes in the absence of any promoter. Both aliphatic amines and aromatic amines were transformed in good to excellent yields to the expected ureas.     

Über die Konfiguration des Prolins im Ergotamin

It is well known that in the ergot alkaloids of the peptide type the proline appears in thel-configuration. Different methods of acid hydrolysis may lead to various cleavage products; hydrolysis by HCl yieldsd-proline, on the other hand hydrolytic cleavage by means of strongly acid cation exchange resin preserved the orginall-configuration.

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Teilveröffentlichung der Dissertation vonH. Kolassa, Univ. Wien, 1973.     

Thermische Polymerisation von Acenaphthylen

Zusammenfassung Acenaphthylen wurde durch Anpolymerisation und zweifache Hochvakuumsublimation gereinigt. Die Reinigungsmethode wird ausführlich beschrieben.Bei verschiedenen Temperaturen wurde mit einer dilatometrischen Methode die thermische Bruttogeschwindigkeit gemessen. Zwischen 95 und 105 °C giltk _br=7,0₈·10¹⁰ exp (– 30,9 kcal/RT).Die beträchtliche Aktivierungsenergie der Bruttoreaktion ist sowohl auf eine große Aktivierungsenergie der thermischen Startreaktion als auch auf eine relativ hohe Wachstumsaktivierungsenergie zurückzuführen.Das Polymerisationsverhalten von Acenaphthylen kann vermutlich aufgrund seiner sterischen Eigenschaften erklärt werden.

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Summary Acenaphthylene was purified by partial polymerisation, followed by double stage high vacuum sublimation. The method of purification is described in detail.The thermal overall rate was measured at different temperatures by a dilatometric method. Between 95 and 105 °C the following relation holds:k _th=7,0₈ · 10¹⁰ exp (– 30,9 kcal/RT).The considerable energy of activation of the overall reaction depends on a relatively high energy of activation of both the thermal initiation and the propagation reaction.It is supposed, that the polymerisation behaviour of acenaphthylene depends mainly on its steric properties.