The behavior of a spherical bubble near a solid wall in a compressible liquid

Summary The behavior of a spherical bubble near a solid wall is analysed by considering the liquid compressibility. The equation of motion of the bubble with first order correction for the effects of liquid compressibility and solid wall is derived. The equation obtained here coincides with the known result in case of L or C . Further experimental study is made on the motion of bubbles produced by a spark discharge in water. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiments.

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Das Verhalten einer kugelförmigen Blase in einer kompressiblen Flüssigkeit in der Nähe einer festen Wand

Übersicht Bei Berücksichtigung der Flüssigkeitskompressibilität wird das Verhalten einer kugelförmigen Blase in der Nähe einer festen Wand analysiert. Die Gleichung der Bewegung der Blase wird mit der Korrektur erster Ordnung für den Einfluß der Flüssigkeitskompressibilität und der festen Wand angegeben. Aus der erhaltenen Gleichung wird für L oder C das bekannte Ergebnis hergeleitet. Darüber hinaus wird eine experimentelle Untersuchung der Blasenbewegung durchgeführt. Die Blase wird mit Hilfe von Funkendurchschlägen zwischen Elektroden in Wasser erzeugt. Die theoretischen Ergebnisse stimmen gut mit den Experimenten überein.

     

An iterative method of evaluation of elastic-plastic deflections of hyperstatic framed structures

Summary The concept of substitutive concentrated elastic-plastic rotations, replacing actual elasticplastic zones is used, together with an iterative method of determination of the bending moment distribution to simplify the evaluation of elastic-plastic deflections of hyperstatic beams and frames.

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Eine iterative Methode der Auswertung von elastisch-plastischen Verschiebungen für statisch unbestimmte Rahmen

Übersicht Die Idee von fiktiven Ersatzrotationen, welche die tatsächlichen elastisch-plastischen Zonen modelliert, wird mit einer iterativen Methode kombiniert, um eine relativ einfache Bestimmung von Biegemomentenfeldern in statisch unbestimmten Balken und Rahmen zu ermöglichen. Die resultierenden Verschiebungen, ergeben sich mit ausreichender Genauigkeit.

     

W-Gleitgleitkinematik

The following gives some starting elements of a theory, which the author calls glide-glide-kinematics and which goes far beyond the kinematics of helical motion in ℝ ⁿ , which was studied up to now. We are mainly concerned here with “angle-preservering glide-glide-kinematics”, generalising (and giving as well some idea of) the distance-preservering glide-glide-kinematics, which we develop in a forthcoming book ([5]) in detail.      

The Two-Nucleon Stripping Process with Skyrme Type Potential

Theory of two-nucleon stripping reactions is reconsidered. The nucleon-nucleon interactions are taken as Skyrme type potentials. Differential cross-sections for two-nucleon stripping reactions are calculated using DWBA approximation with different Skyrme type potentials of different parameters. The angular distributions for different two-nucleon stripping reactions (t, p) with incident triton on the different targets of ³¹P, ⁴⁰Ca, ⁹⁶Zr, ¹¹⁸Sn and ²⁰⁶Pb are calculated giving good agreement with the experimental data. Better values are extracted for the spectroscopic factors.     

A scale model investigation of sound reflection from building façades

A simple model for predicting the sound reflected from a building façade is developed based upon the assumption that the scattering coefficient is small. This model is then used as the basis of an experimental attempt to measure the scattering properties of scale model façades featuring a similar degree of surface irregularity to that found on real buildings. A series of measurements made on a simple scale model are described and the effect of a non-uniform distribution of façade scattering is examined. The measured value of the scattering coefficient is found to be small and not very sensitive to the degree of surface irregularity. A progression of energy from a specular reflection field to a diffuse reflection field for successive orders of reflections is observed. It is suggested that the dominant mechanism of sound propagation for higher order reflections is via random scattering and that the development of propagation models based upon purely random scattering is a valid approach.     

Hindered motions in a ketonea-urea inclusion compound. An ESR and ENDOR study

We have studied by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy the free radicals produced in γ-irradiated inclusion compound formed between the ketone 10-nonadecanone and urea. Only one type of long lived radical is formed by the removal of an α-proton from the ketone. The hyperfine (hf) coupling constants of the α- and β-protons of the radicals have been measured by ESR at different temperatures in the range 110–292 K and at different orientations of the crystals. The hf coupling of the γ-protons of the radical and of the urea protons have been studied by ENDOR. The temperature and angular dependences of the coupling constants have been analyzed in terms of the internal and overall motions of the radical inside the hexagonal channels formed by the urea molecules. It has been found that the radical cannot perform complete reorientations around the long molecular axis, but it undergoes restricted rotational diffusion. This process is explained by assuming a coupling between the rotational and translational degrees of freedom of the radical inside the urea channels.     

Investigation of electrostatic charge distribution within the reactor wall fouling and bulk regions of a gas–solid fluidized bed

The distribution of charge within the wall fouling region and bulk of a fluidized bed reactor was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a 0.1 m in diameter carbon steel fluidization column under atmospheric conditions. Polyethylene particles were fluidized with extra dry air at 1.5 the minimum fluidization velocity (bubbling flow regime) for 1 h. Using an online Faraday cup measurement technique, the net charge-to-mass ratio (q/m), as well as the size distribution of all particles adhered to the column wall and those in the bulk of the bed was determined. The wall particles were found to be predominantly negatively charged while those which did not adhere to the wall were predominantly positively charged. The charge distribution within each region was then investigated by a custom made charged particle separator that separated the particles according to their charge magnitude and polarity. It was determined that although the net charge of the wall layer particles was negative, a significant amount of positively charged particles existed within each sample and therefore the entire wall particle layer. This suggests that the wall layer was formed through layering between positively and negatively charged particles. Particles in the bulk of the bed also consisted of bipolarly charged particles.     

Gasdynamische Untersuchung des Jouleschen Überströmversuches

Zusammenfassung Es wird die zeitabhängige Strömung beim Ausgleichsvorgang zwischen zwei endlichen Behältern untersucht. Den Überlegungen wird eine eindimensionale, reibungsfreie und quasistationäre Strömung zugrunde gelegt. Während bei überkritischer Strömung eine analytische Lösung möglich ist, wird das Problem bei unterkritischer Strömung numerisch gelöst.Dem Druckausgleich zwischen den beiden Behältern folgt ein isobarer Wärme- und Massenaustausch, bis sich das thermodynamische Gleichgewicht eingestellt hat.

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Gasdynamical investigation of Joule's overflow experiment

The time-dependent flow of an exchange process between two big insulated tanks is considered. The problem is treated on the basis of a one-dimensional, inviscid and quasi-steady flow. An analytical solution is obtained for supercritical flow, while for subcritical flow the problem is solved numerically.After the pressure-equilibrium between the two-tanks an isobar heat and mass exchange follows, until the thermodynamic equilibrium is reached.

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Formelzeichen a Schallgechwindigkeit - A engster Querschnitt - c Geschwindigkeit - c _p spezifische Wärme bei konstantem Druck - c _v spezifische Wärme bei konstantem Volumen - e innere Energie - i Enthalpie - m Masse - M Machzahl - p Druck - spezielle Gaskonstante - s Stromlinie, spezifische Entropie - t dimensionsbehaftete Zeit - T Temperatur - V Volumen - Konstante - Abkürzung - Volumenverhältnis - Verhältnis der spezifischen Wärmen - Dichte - dimensionslose Zeit Indizes 0 Zustand zur Zeitt=0 - 1 Zustand im Überdruckbehälter - 2 Zustand im Überströmbehälter - * Zustand im engsten Querschnitt - K kritisch - M Zustand bei Druckausgleich - E Endzustand bei Temperaturausgleich Herrn Prof. Dr. B. Schmidt in Dankbarkeit zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet