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991.
Maria?NowakowskaEmail author Krzysztof?Szczubia?ka Miros?aw?Gr?bosz 《Colloid and polymer science》2004,283(3):291-298
The interactions between copolymers of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), anionic polyelectrolytes, and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), a cationic surfactant, were studied in aqueous solutions of various ionic strengths. The copolymers were found to be thermoresponsive, showing a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The influence of the polymer composition, the surfactant concentration, and the ionic strength on the LCST was studied. The surfactant was found to interact strongly with the polymer, forming mixed polymer-surfactant micelles. The critical aggregation concentration (cac) of the polymer-surfactant system was found from fluorescence spectroscopy using pyrene as a fluorescent probe. A strong dependence of the anionic polyelectrolyte-cationic surfactant interactions on the structure of the ionic comonomer was observed. 相似文献
992.
meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin (and its derivatives), in the reaction with fuming yellow nitric acid (d=1.53), form either 5-(4-nitroaryl)-10,15,20-triarylporphyrin, 5,10-bis(4-nitroaryl)-15,20-diarylporphyrin, or 5,10,15-tris(4-nitroaryl)-20-arylporphyrin, depending on the reaction temperature (0-20 °C), amounts of the acid used, and reaction time. The above nitroporphyrins react, in the presence of a base (t-BuOK) at 0 °C, with carbanions (which bear nucleophugal groups at the carbanionic center: −CH(Cl)SO2Tol, −CH(Br)SO2Tol, and −CH(Cl)SO2NMe2), leading to the nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in one or more of the meso-nitroaryl rings. By this route, the preparation of the highly substituted ‘synthetic’ porphyrins (bearing up to ten O-, N-, Cl-, or C-substituents) was demonstrated. 相似文献
993.
Silica aerogels are very highly divided materials which are synthesised through the association of a chemical step, the so-called sol–gel chemistry, with a physical step which is a particular way of drying the wet gel, namely under supercritical conditions with respect to the liquid phase filling its porosity. This drying process preserves the texture of the dry material: in practice it strongly reduces the pore collapse. The resulting hyperporous solids that have bulk densities of the same magnitude as air develop new and very interesting physical and even chemical properties. Owing to their poor chemical reactivity, very large surface areas (of the order of 1,000 m 2/g), unusual porous volumes (greater than 95%), morphologies (monoliths or powders), optical properties (transparent, opaque or translucent), and very low thermal conductivity, they find high added-value applications in the physics of high-energy particles (Cherenkov emitters), transparent and superinsulating double windows, life and space science as well. 相似文献
994.
Robert?WeisEmail author Armin?Presser Werner?Seebacher 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2003,134(8):1129-1136
Summary. 3-Carboxamides and 3-carboxanilides of 6-alkyl and 6-aryldihydropyridin-2(1H)-ones have been prepared via different reaction pathways. All synthesized amides show hydrogen bonds in their NMR spectra. The 4-hydroxy compounds were obtained as a mixture of tautomers. Their configurations were elucidated by NMR experiments.Received December 16, 2002; accepted December 20, 2002
Published online June 2, 2003 相似文献
995.
Determination of antibiotics such as macrolides,ionophores and tiamulin in liquid manure by HPLC–MS/MS 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michael?P.?SchlüsenerEmail author Kai?Bester Michael?Spiteller 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2003,375(7):942-947
A method for the analysis of several macrolide and ionophore antibiotics as well as tiamulin in liquid manure was developed. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) tandem mass spectrometry was used for detection.High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of the antibiotics was achieved in 35 min. The analytes were extracted with ethyl acetate and the extracts were cleaned up by solid-phase extraction on a diol SPE cartridge. Recovery experiments with spiked liquid manure concentrations varying from 6 to 2,000 microg kg(-1) gave constant recovery rates. The recovery rates for the macrolides erythromycin, roxithromycin and oleandomycin were 75-94%, that for the ionophore salinomycin was 119%, while that for the pleuromutilin tiamulin was 123%, when using a macrolide internal standard. The relative standard deviation was found to be 15-36% and the limits of detection were 0.4-11.0 micro g kg(-1).The maximum concentrations found in manure samples were 43 micro g kg(-1) for tiamulin and 11 micro g kg(-1) for salinomycin. 相似文献
996.
Marek BryjakIrena Gancarz Gryzelda Po?niakW?odzimierz Tylus 《European Polymer Journal》2002,38(4):717-726
The effect of NH3 and NH3/Ar plasma on ultrafiltration polysulfone membranes have been studied. Results of contact angle, FTIR-ATR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments clearly showed that both plasmas introduced hydrophilic, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing moieties on the polymer surface and that NH3/Ar plasma was more efficient. That plasma was also more aggressive--signs of strong etching could be seen on the SEM pictures. Redeposition of etched material seemed to take place inside the pores. On the contrary, ammonia plasma was soft and caused cleaning the surface and pores enlargement. Performance of ammonia plasma modified membranes was greatly improved and independent on solution pH. The last observation proved amphoteric character of the surface. NH3/Ar plasma treatment gave membranes of acidic surface and filtration indices not so good as for ammonia plasma. 相似文献
997.
Grzegorz WojciechowskiMa?gorzata Ratajczak-Sitarz Andrzej KatrusiakBogumil Brzezinski 《Journal of Molecular Structure》2002,612(1):59-64
The crystals of 5,5′-dibromo-3-diethylaminomethyl-2,2′-biphenol N-oxide were studied by X-ray and FT-IR spectroscopy. Within this molecule two short OHO intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed. The NO?H+?O− bond between the OH and the N-oxide groups is very strong, of 2.419(7) Å between the oxygen atoms. The proton potential of this hydrogen bond is flat, broad and has probably no barrier—consequently it could not be located from X-ray diffraction data. The other hydrogen bond formed between two hydroxyl groups appears asymmetrical from FT-IR spectra, and shows also relatively limited proton polarizability. The molecular conformation is non-planar, due to strong overcrowding effect between the oxygen atoms involved in the hydrogen bonds. 相似文献
998.
Ay?em Üzer 《Analytica chimica acta》2005,534(2):307-317
Contaminated land and groundwater remediation in military waste dumping sites often necessitates the use of simple, cost-effective, and rapid tests for detecting trinitrotoluene (TNT) residues in the field along with their dinitro-analogues. A simple, rapid, low-cost, and field-adaptable (on-site) colorimetric method was developed for quantifying TNT in the presence of RDX, PETN, picric acid, 2,4-DNT (dinitrotoluene), dinitrophenol, and dinitroaniline. Most commercialized methods for TNT assay-with the exception of Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory of the U.S. Army (CRREL) method-use proprietary chemicals, and the color stability and intensity are highly dependent on the composition of the organic solution comprised of acetone or methanol. The developed colorimetric method is based on the extraction of TNT from water-acetone solution into an organic solvent mixture of dicyclohexylamine (DCHA)-isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK) (10:1, v/v), filtration through a filter paper into a stoppered optical cell containing anhydrous sodium sulfate, and measurement of the absorbance of the organic extract at 531 nm after 5 min. The red-violet color of the extract was due to intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) between the electron attracting TNT and electron-donating DCHA, and the molar absorptivity for TNT in final organic solution was (1.16 ± 0.02) × 104 L mol−1 cm−1.The R.S.D. of the slope of calibration line was 0.7%. The LOD of the method in the final organic phase was 0.38 μM TNT, and LOD values expressed on the basis of original soil TNT content were 0.5, 1.3, and 1.5 ppm (μg g−1) for clay, loamy clay, and sandy soils, respectively. Unlike other spectrophotometric methods, the developed assay was basically tolerant to common cations and anions found in soil and water at 100-fold weight ratios, and to soil humic acids. Among a number of compounds that may be encountered in polynitro-explosive storage and waste reclaimation sites such as picric acid, dinitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, dinitroaniline, RDX, PETN, and tetryl, only tetryl interfered with the developed TNT assay. Water tolerance and exploitability over a wide pH range were other superiorities over the CRREL method. The CT-complex was relatively stable, as the absorbance of the organic extract was not significantly influenced from the dilution of the water-acetone phase. Aside from the extractive-photometric procedure established for aqueous solutions, a simulated field colorimetric assay for TNT directly applicable to soil was also devised, based on direct color development in a 4:1 (v/v) acetone-dicyclohexylamine organic extract of soil at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 mL g−1. 相似文献
999.
Some polymer melts (of high viscosity ) can wet completely the surface of a non miscible, simple liquid. We discuss here the laws of spreading for a macroscopic droplet of this type, when the internal friction of the droplet dominates. We predict a droplet radius increasing liket
1/4 wheret is the spreading time, or equivalently a droplet curvature decreasing liket
–1. The droplet should be surrounded by a precursor film, which is not discussed in the present note. 相似文献
1000.
Nihan?Kaya Erdal?Karadurmus Ahmet?AlicilarEmail author 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2005,3(3):511-519
An attempt was made to study the oxidation of manganese by air in synthetic waters. A series of batch experments were performed
at differnet values of concentration, temperature and pH. Unoxidized manganese in the solution was determined by formaldoxime
spectrometric method. Results of these studies indicated that the air oxidation of manganese soluble in water can be effectively
performed in basic media and that oxidation yield increasedwith an increase in pH and concentration. The yield was very high
in the presence of manganese dioxide, sepiolite or clinoptilolite in solution and, the oxidation was almost completed especially
at high values of pH and concentration. The reaction was found to be first order with respect to Mn2+ with a very low activation energy. A yield of 62% was obtained for the air oxidation of wastewater taken from the treatment
plant of Corum Municipality. 相似文献