Non-Abelian Gauge Theory in the Lorentz Violating Background

In this paper, we will discuss a simple non-Abelian gauge theory in the broken Lorentz spacetime background. We will study the partial breaking of Lorentz symmetry down to its sub-group. We will use the formalism of very special relativity for analysing this non-Abelian gauge theory. Moreover, we will discuss the quantisation of this theory using the BRST symmetry. Also, we will analyse this theory in the maximal Abelian gauge.     

An alternative synthesis of tiopinac

Tiopinac (1) [6, 11-dihydro-11-oxodibenzo[b,e]thiepin-3-acetic acid, ( 1 )] has shown a high degree of antiinflammatory activity and a low incidence of side effects in animals ( 2 ). On the basis of these results, Tiopinac was chosen for human evaluation in 1978 (2a).     

Homothetic killing tensors

A vectorfield approach to Killing tensors (KTs) is used to analyse the conventional definition of conformal Killing tensors (CKTs). It is shown that the CKT associated with a KT is removable and that so far as constants of the motion are concerned the homothetic Killing tensor defined here is more useful. A geometric interpretation of CKTs is also given.     

NEW PHTHALOCYANINES FOR PHOTODYNAMIC VIRUS INACTIVATION IN RED BLOOD CELL CONCENTRATES

Abstract Cationic phthalocyanines with either aluminum or silicon as the central metal were evaluated for their ability to inactivate viruses in red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) photodynamically. In addition, the virucidal potential of a substituted anionic phthalocyanine, aluminum dibenzodisulfophthalocyanine hydroxide (AlN₂SB₂POH) was evaluated and compared with that of the much studied anionic aluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine hydroxide (AIPcS₄OH). Based on the rate of inactivation of the lipid-enveloped vesicular stomatitisvirus (VSV), the viruci dal potential of these phthalocyanines was: HOSiP_COSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃N⁺(CH₃)₃I- (Pc 5) = SiPC[OSi(CH₃)₂-(CH₂)₃N⁺(CH₃)₃I-]₂ (Pc 6) > AIP_COSi(CH,)₂(CH₂)_?N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH_?)₁₁CH₃I- (Pc 21) = A1N₂SB₂POH = AlPcS₄ > HOSiPc[OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₁₁CH₃1–]₂(Pc 14) > AIPcOSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃N+(CH_S)₃I- (Pc 2). Phthalocy anine ligand 14 and Pc 21 are new phthalocyanines, made by quaternizing known amino analogues. Compared to VSV, the rate of inactivation of Sindbis virus (another model lipid-enveloped virus) was identical when treated in red blood cells (RBC) with Pc 5 and slightly higher when treated with Pc 6 and AlPcS₄OH. Treatment of RBCC containing cell-free human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) with Pc 5 or AlPcS₄OH required 15 min of irradiation to inactivate (>5 log₁₀ reduction) the virus. The extent of HIV-1 inactivation with AlN₂SB₂POH was 3.7 log₁₀ after 60 min of red light exposure. The RBC integrity after photosensitization was measured by the ability of the cells to bind to plates coated with poly-L-lysine, (which reflects the retention of the RBC surface negative charges) and hemolysis of the cells over a 7 day storage period. The RBC damage using these criteria was most pronounced with Pc 5 and Pc 6 but could be reduced when treatment was in plasma instead of buffer. These data indicate that lipid-enveloped viruses differ in their sensitivity to phthalocyanine photosensitization. Therefore, for virus sterilization of RBCC for transfusion the ability to inactivate human pathogenic viruses completely will have to be evaluated for each virus. The cationic Pc 5 appears to be a potentially useful virucidal agent.     

X-ray absorption spectroscopy of selenate reductase

The metal sites of selenate reductase from Thauera selenatis have been characterized by Mo, Se, and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Mo site of the oxidized enzyme has 3 to 4 sulfur ligands at 2.33 A from two molybdopterin cofactors, one Mo=O group at 1.68 A and one Mo-O with an intermediate bond length of 1.81 A. The reduced enzyme has a des-oxo active site, again with about four Mo-S ligands (at 2.32 A) and possibly one oxygen ligand at 2.22 A. The enzyme was found to contain Se in a reduced form (probably organic) although the sequence does not indicate the presence of selenocysteine. The Se is coordinated to both a metal (probably Fe) and a lighter scatterer such as carbon.