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81.
Competitive adsorption behavior of heavy metals on kaolinite 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Polluted and contaminated soils can often contain more than one heavy metal species. It is possible that the behavior of a particular metal species in a soil system will be affected by the presence of other metals. In this study we have investigated the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) onto kaolinite in single- and multi-element systems as a function of pH and concentration, in a background solution of 0.01 M NaNO3. In adsorption edge experiments, the pH was varied from 3.5 to 10.0 with total metal concentration 133.3 microM in the single-element system and 33.3 microM each of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) in the multi-element system. The value of pH50 (the pH at which 50% adsorption occurs) was found to follow the sequence Cu相似文献
82.
Prashant S. Umare Ajaykumar J. Tiwari Robin Antony Gopal L. Tembe Bhavna Trivedi 《应用有机金属化学》2007,21(8):652-660
Complexes of titanium(IV) with bulky phenolic ligands such as 2‐tert‐butyl‐4 methylphenol, 2, 4‐di‐tert‐butyl phenol and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl phenol were prepared and characterized. These catalyst precursors, formulated as [Ti(OPh*)n(OPri)4?n] (OPh* = substituted phenol), were found to be active in polymerization of ethylene at higher temperatures in combination with ethylaluminum sesquichloride (Et3Al2Cl3) as co‐catalyst. It was observed that the reaction temperature and ethylene pressure had a pronounced effect on polymerization and the molecular weight of polyethylene obtained. In addition, this catalytic system predominantly produced linear, crystalline ultra‐low‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes narrow dispersities. The polyethylene waxes obtained with this catalytic system exhibit unique properties that have potential applications in surface coating and adhesive formulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
V. S. Borkar 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1995,86(1):251-261
For the ergodic control problem with degenerate diffusions, the existence of an optimal solution is established for various interesting classes of solutions.This research was supported by Grant No. 26/01/92-G from the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, Delhi, India. 相似文献
84.
Vivek S. Borkar 《Annals of Operations Research》1991,29(1):429-438
A new state variable is introduced for the problem of controlling a Markov chain under partial observations, which, under a suitably altered probability measure, has a simple evolution. 相似文献
85.
A new approach based on occupation measures is introduced for studying stochastic differential games. For two-person zero-sum games, the existence of values and optimal strategies for both players is established for various payoff criteria. ForN-person games, the existence of equilibria in Markov strategies is established for various cases. 相似文献
86.
87.
Girishkumar G Hall TD Vinodgopal K Kamat PV 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(1):107-114
Single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes are employed as carbon supports in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The morphology and electrochemical activity of single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes obtained from different sources have been examined to probe the influence of carbon support on the overall performance of DMFC. The improved activity of the Pt-Ru catalyst dispersed on carbon nanotubes toward methanol oxidation is reflected as a shift in the onset potential and a lower charge transfer resistance at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The evaluation of carbon supports in a passive air breathing DMFC indicates that the observed power density depends on the nature and source of carbon nanostructures. The intrinsic property of the nanotubes, dispersion of the electrocatalyst and the electrochemically active surface area collectively influence the performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). As compared to the commercial carbon black support, single wall carbon nanotubes when employed as the support for anchoring the electrocatalyst particles in the anode and cathode sides of MEA exhibited a approximately 30% enhancement in the power density of a single stack DMFC operating at 70 degrees C. 相似文献
88.
The infinite horizon risk-sensitive control problem for non-degenerate controlled diffusions is analyzed under a ‘near monotonicity’
condition on the running cost that penalizes large excursions of the process. 相似文献
89.
Vivek S. Borkar Mrinal K. Ghosh‡ 《Stochastics An International Journal of Probability and Stochastic Processes》2013,85(4):221-231
The problem of ergodic control of a reflecting diffusion in a compact domain is analysed under the condition of partial degeneracy, i.e. when its transition kernel after some time is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure on a part of the state space. Existence of a value function and a “martingale dynamic programming principle” are established by mapping the problem to a discrete time control problem. Implications for existence of optimal controls are derived. 相似文献
90.
Vijai K. Rai Suhasini Mahata Smita R. Bhardiya Prashant Shukla Ankita Rai Manorama Singh 《Tetrahedron letters》2019,60(7):524-529
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–NaBH4 is reported as mild and efficient catalyst-system for chemo-/regioselective reduction of structurally different aliphatic, aromatic as well as α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in water. The rGO was prepared by reducing graphene oxide using Tulsi leaf extract as bio-reductant. Operational simplicity, ambient reaction condition, high yield of pure products (80–97%), no by-product formation, no use of column chromatography for purification are the salient features of the envisaged protocol. Furthermore, the recovered TRGO was recycled and reused for subsequent reductions up to five times without any loss in activity. 相似文献