High‐efficiency polymer solar cells based on phenylenevinylene copolymer with BF2‐azopyrrole complex and CN‐PC70BM with solvent additive

Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of phenylenevinylene‐based copolymer with BF₂ azopyrrole complex (PB)/modified PC₇₀BM, that is, CN‐PC₇₀BM bulk heterojunction solar cells improves from 2.16 to 4.90% using a processing additive and drying condition. The results demonstrate that a processing additive and drying condition provides an effective means to control both the surface roughness and finer interpenetrating networks to enhance the exciton dissociation into free charge carriers, charge transportation, and collection. Taking into the account of simple device fabrication process without thermal annealing, the PCE of the polymer solar cell can further improved by chloronapthalene (CN) additive under the fast drying condition. The average carrier lifetimes extracted from the impedance spectra and found to correlate with measured PCEs. At short circuit conditions and illumination, the average charge carrier lifetime was found vary from 16.8 to 32 μs with power conversion efficiencies ranging from 3.0 to 4.9%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012     

Synthesis,structural characterization and biological studies of neodymium(III) and samarium(III) complexes with mercaptotriazole Schiff bases

A series of neodymium(III) and samarium(III) complexes of type [Ln(L)Cl(H₂O)₃] have been synthesized with Schiff bases (LH₂) derived from 3‐(phenyl/substituted phenyl)‐4‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles and isatin. The structures of the complexes were established using elemental analysis, molar conductivities, magnetic moments, infrared, NMR (¹H, ¹³C) and UV–visible spectra, X‐ray diffraction and mass spectrometry. The thermal behaviour of these compounds under non‐isothermal conditions was investigated using thermogravimetry and differential thermogravimetry. The intermediates obtained at the end of various thermal decomposition steps were identified from elemental analysis and infrared spectral studies. All the ligands and their complexes were also screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum capsici. The screening results were correlated with the structural features of the compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A proposal for experimental detection of amplitude nth-power squeezing

Recently, in several theoretical investigations, amplitude nth-power squeezing has been studied with n = 2, 3, 4, 5. In the present paper, we give a proposal for experimental detection of amplitude nth-power squeezing using ordinary homodyning with coherent light for arbitrary power n and discuss in detail its theory. The proposed scheme requires only repeated measurements of the factorial moments of number of photons in the light obtained after homodyning, with various shifts of phase of coherent light, and involves no approximations, whatsoever. This has advantage over the method proposed by Shchukin and Vogel [Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 043808] in that our method requires only one beam splitter and only one photodetector, and also lesser number of repetitions of experiment with phase-shifted coherent light.     

Long distance atomic teleportation with as good success as desired

Long distance atomic teleportation (LDAT) is of prime importance in long distance quantum communication. Scheme proposed by Bose et al. (1999) in principle enables us to have LDAT using cavity decay. However it gives message state dependent fidelity and success rate. Here, using interaction of entangled coherent states with atom–cavity systems and a two-step measurement, we show how, LDAT can be achieved with unit fidelity and as good success as desired under ideal conditions. The scheme is unique in that, the first measurement predicts success or failure. If success is predicted then second measurement gives perfect teleportation. If failure is predicted the message-qubit remains conserved therefore a second attempt may be started. We found that even in presence of decoherence due to dissipation of energy our scheme gives message state independent success rate and almost perfect teleportation in single attempt with mean fidelity of teleportation equal to 0.9 at long distances. However if first attempt fails, unlike ideal case where message-qubit remains conserved with unit fidelity, in presence of decoherence the message-qubit remains conserved to some degree, therefore mean fidelity of teleportation can be increased beyond 0.9 by repeating the process.     

Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Thieno-Seleno-Phenylquinazolinones

The synthesis of quinoline-substituted phenylquinazolinones containing sulfur and selenium is described. These molecules were isolated from a series of reactions of 2-phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one with 2-chloro, 2-thieno, and 2-selenoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde hydrazones. The structure of the isolated compounds has been elucidated on the basis of IR, ¹ H NMR, mass spectral, and elemental analysis data.     

The Synthesis and Bioactivity of Dimethyl (2,3- Dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]Dioxin-6-Yl)(Aryl Amino)Methylphosphonates

Abstract

A new series of α-aminophosphonates have been synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-6-carbaldehyde, various amines, and dimethyl phosphite by using nano-TiO₂ as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions at 50°C. The major advantages of the present method are high yields, short reaction times, recyclable catalyst, and solvent-free reaction conditions. Among these new structurally diversified set of α-aminophosphonates, dimethyl (2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)(3-nitrophenylamino) methylphosphonate and dimethyl (2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)(4-fluoro-3-nitro-phenyl-amino) methylphosphonate have shown higher antioxidant activity in diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, reducing power assay, and lipid peroxidation methods.     

Synthesis and Bioassay of Ethyl-2- (2-((Diethoxyphosphoryl) (Aryl) Methylamino)Thiazol-4-Yl)-2-(Methoxyimino)Acetates

Abstract

A simple, efficient, and environmentally benign methodology has been accomplished for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates by one-pot three-component reaction of ethyl-2-amino-α-(methoxy-imino)-4-thiazoleacetate, aldehydes, and diethylphosphite by using Amberlyst-15 as catalyst at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. Their chemical structures were characterized by infrared (IR), NMR (¹H, ¹³C & ³¹P), mass spectral, and elemental analysis. All the title compounds were screened for radical-scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitic oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) methods.

Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements for the following free supplemental files: Additional text and figures.     

Preliminary Study of Cationic Copolymerization of α-Methylstyrene and Isobutyl Vinyl Ether. II

α-Methylstyrene (α-MS) and isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) were copolymerized by using the H₂O/EtAlCl₂ initiator system and CH₂Cl₂ and CH₃Cl solvent in the temperature range from -30 to -90°C. As compared to homopolymerization of α-MS, both yields and molecular weights are reduced upon addition of small amounts of IBVE to the feed. The reactivity ratios were calculated by the method of Kelen and Tödös as well as the Fineman and Ross method, and the combined effect of change of solvent and temperature on reactivity ratios was determined. Effects of feed composition and temperature on the copolymer yield, composition, and number-average molecular weight M _n were studied in detail. M _n showed a novel exponential dependence on the IBVE concentration in the feed. The overall activation energies of molecular weight were determined from the Arrhenius plots for both homo-and copolymerization systems. Based on these and the yield data, a speculation is made regarding reaction mechanism for molecular weight control. NMR and DTA data are reported, which establish the random nature of the copolymers.     

Synthesis of Diquinolineno[1,3,7,9]Tetraazacyclododecine-7, 15 (14H, 16H)-Dibenzene,and DNA Binding Studies of Macrocyclic Co(II), Cu(II) Complexes: As New Class of Antimicrobial Agent

The synthesis of macrocyclic ligand, diquinolineno[1,3,7,9]tetraazacyclododecine-7, 15 (14H, 16H)-dibenzene(L), is described. The metal complexes of the type [MLX₂], where (M = Co(II) (1), Cu(II) (2) and X = (Cl), have been synthesized by the reaction of ligand(L) with the corresponding metal salts, and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR and electronic spectra. The binding property of the complexes with CT-DNA was studied by absorption spectra, viscosity measurements, as well as thermal denaturation studies. The absorption spectral results indicate that the complexes (1) and (2) are binds with base pairs of DNA. The intrinsic binding constant K_b had the value 3.8 × 10⁴M ^?1 for (1 Chappell, L. L., Voss, A. D. and Morrow, J. R. 1998. Inorg. Chem., 37(16): 3989–3998.  [Google Scholar]) and 3.3 × 10⁴ M^?1 for (2), respectively, in 5 mM Tris-HCl/50 mM NaCl buffer at pH 7.2. The viscosity measurement results show the viscosity of sonicated rod-like DNA fragments increased when the complex were added to the solution of calf thymus-DNA. The synthesized ligand and its metal complexes have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities.     

Oxidation of Chromanones and 2-Spirochromanones with [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene in Acetonitrile Under Reflux as well as Ultrasound: A Convenient Route for the Synthesis of Chromones,Tetrahydroxanthones, and Their Higher Homologues

Oxidation of chromanones (1a-i) and 2-spiro-chromanones (j-m) using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo] benzene in refluxing acetonitrile as well as using ultrasound via dehydrogenation and 2,3-alkyl migration provides a convenient route for the synthesis of chromones (2a-i), tetrahydroxanthones (2j,k) and their higher homologues (21,m). The ultrasound also enhances substantially the rate of above transformations.