Genetic variability of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seed proteins studied by 2-D electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients.

Ten pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) inbred lines were successfully differentiated by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients. Qualitative polymorphism of water-soluble and urea/detergent-soluble seed proteins, respectively, was investigated by computer analysis and used for establishing a dendrogram derived from maximum-parsimony analysis. The dendrogram calculated from urea/detergent-soluble proteins shows four types of distance indices, whereas water-soluble proteins show two sets of inbred lines with similar intraset distance indices. The validity of the dendrograms with respect to quantitative inherited traits, such as cold tolerance and earliness, will be tested by field trials.     

Collision-induced light scattering from fluids composed of tetrahedral molecules. I

The collision-induced polarized and depolarized light scattered from fluids composed of tetrahedral molecules is examined. The correlation functions for the first-order term of the collision-induced rotational Raman effect proposed by Buckingham and Tabisz [21] are derived in the limit of binary interactions. They involve rotational correlation functions of the dipole-quadrupole polarizability, which for tetrahedral molecules is an irreducible third-rank tensor, and third-rank tensor correlation functions for relative translational motion. From a comparison of the frequency-dependent depolarization ratio of liquid carbon tetrachloride with the theoretical prediction it is concluded that also in liquids the collision-induced rotational Raman effect may contribute significantly to the depolarized spectrum for large frequency shifts.     

Phosphorescence spectra and detection limits of nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

Phosphoresence excitation and emission spectra and detection limits for 22 nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons at 77 K are reported. Detection limits are lower than 10 ng ml^?1 in several cases. The spectral properties of 1-nitropyrene (a frequently used reference substance) permit is selective determination in the presence of other nitroaromatics.     

Lyapunov Instability of the Boundary-Driven Chernov–Lebowitz Model for Stationary Shear Flow

We report on the computation of full Lyapunov spectra of the boundary-driven Chernov–Lebowitz model for stationary planar shear flow. The Lyapunov exponents are calculated with a recently developed formalism for systems with elastic hard collisions. Although the Chernov–Lebowitz model is strictly energy conserving, any phase-space volume is subjected to a contraction due to the reflection rules of the hard disks colliding with the walls. Consequently, the sum of Lyapunov exponents is negative. As expected for an inhomogeneously driven system, the Lyapunov spectra do not obey the conjugate pairing rule. The external driving makes the system less chaotic, which is reflected in a decrease of the Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy if the driving is increased.     

Optical sensors

Summary A fibre optic biosensor for ethanol was developed, which is based on the enzymatic oxidation of ethanol. The sensor layer contains an oxygen-sensitive fluorescing indicator which reports the decrease in the local oxygen partial pressure as the result of the enzymatic oxidation. The sensor measures in the 50–500 mmol/l ethanol range, with an accuracy of ± 4 mmol/l at 100 mmol/l. The detection limit is 10 mmol/l ethanol.

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Optische SensorenTeil 20. Ein faseroptischer Biosensor für Ethanol

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Presented in part at the Biosensor International Workshop 1987 at GBF, Braunschweig, June 1987     

Fractal dimension of steady nonequilibrium flows

The Kaplan-Yorke information dimension of phase-space attractors for two kinds of steady nonequilibrium many-body flows is evaluated. In both cases a set of Newtonian particles is considered which interacts with boundary particles. Time-averaged boundary temperatures are imposed by Nose-Hoover thermostat forces. For both kinds of nonequilibrium systems, it is demonstrated numerically that external isothermal boundaries can drive the otherwise purely Newtonian flow onto a multifractal attractor with a phase-space information dimension significantly less than that of the corresponding equilibrium flow. Thus the Gibbs' entropy of such nonequilibrium flows can diverge.     

Thermal heat reservoirs via Gauss' principle of least constraint; Dissipation,chaos, and phase-space dimensionality loss in one-dimensional chains

We use Gauss' principle of least constraint to impose different kinetic temperatures on the two halves of a periodic one-dimensional chain. The thermodynamic result is heat flow, as predicted by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. The statistical-mechanical result can be either a phase-space limit cycle or a strange attractor, depending on the chain length and the size of the temperature difference. We document the sensitivity of the Lyapunov spectrum and the underlying phase-space topology by varying the chain length and the size of the kinetic-temperature difference.     

Interferometrische Bestimmung der Ultraschallgeschwindigkeit in binären flüssigen Mischungen von Nichtelektrolyten, 2. Mitt.:

Zusammenfassung Es werden die Schallgeschwindigkeiten in den Systemen Chlorex®-Cyclohexan, 1,2-Dibromäthan-Benzol und 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloräthan-Diäthylketon bei etwa 2 MHz bei 20° und 30°C mitgeteilt. Die Messungen erfolgten mit einem früher beschriebenen¹ registrierenden Ultraschallinterferometer. Der Schwingquarz wurde außerhalb des Meßraumes angebracht, indem er mit einer planparallelen Metallplatte optimaler Dicke verklebt wurde (Verbundschwinger), welche den Boden des Meßgefäßes abschließt.

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The velocities of ultrasonic sound have been determined at about 2 Mc/sec of the binary systems chlorex®-cyclohexane, 1,2-dibromoethane-benzene, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-diethylketone at 20° and 30°C, resp. The measurements have been made by means of a registrating interferometer, which has been described previously¹. Now the quartz has been arranged outside of the liquid under investigation, by glueing it onto a planparallel metal plate of optimal thickness, which tightens the bottom of the interferometer.

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Mit 7 Abbildungen