An Evaluation of Antimicrobial,Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Leaf Extract of Madhuca longifolia Utilizing Quantitative and Qualitative Methods

In the current decade, nanoparticles are synthesized using solvents that are environmentally friendly. A number of nanoparticles have been synthesized at room temperature using water as a solvent, such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles. As part of nanotechnology, nanoparticles are synthesized through biological processes. Biological methods are the preferred method for the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a result of their simple and non-hazardous nature. Nanoparticles of silver are used in a variety of applications, including catalysts, spectrally selective coatings for solar absorption, optical objectives, pharmaceutical constituents, and chemical and biological sensing. Antimicrobial agents are among the top uses of silver nanoparticles. In the current study, silver nanoparticles were biologically manufactured through Madhuca longifolia, and their antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities were assessed. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), transmission electron microscopy, Zeta Potential, and FTIR were used to characterize silver nanoparticles. The current work describes a cheap and environmentally friendly method to synthesize silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution by using plant crude extract as a reducing agent.     

Experimental study on isotope fractionation of evaporating water of different initial isotopic composition

The studies of evaporative isotopic fractionation in controlled conditions are of particular importance for understanding the mechanism of evaporation fractionation in natural conditions. We present the measurements of the average isotopic fractionation factors during the evaporation of water having different initial isotopic compositions at constant temperature. The results show that the isotopic composition of residual water become more enriched over the time and the initial isotopic composition of evaporating water has considerable effect on the average isotopic fractionation factors. The average isotopic fractionation factors in evaporation of Water A and Water B under the present experimental conditions were found to be 0.9817 ± 0.0044 and 0.9887 ± 0.0031 for oxygen and 0.9178 ± 0.0182 and 0.9437 ± 0.0169 for hydrogen, respectively. The findings of this work should lead to a better understanding and use of stable isotope techniques in isotope hydrology by using a simple technique of evaporation pan.     

Regioselective Synthesis of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles

Abstract

A new and a simple approach toward synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles from chalcone arylhydrazones via oxidative cyclization has been achieved. 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone was successfully used as an oxidizing agent to give excellent yields of pyrazoles.     

Elemental analysis of fertilizers using X-ray fluorescence and their impact on alpha radioactivity of plants

The fertilizers used for plantation contain different elements including some natural radionuclides with their daughter decay products. The radiological impact of the use of fertilizers may be due to internal irradiation of the lung by the alpha particles, short lived radon-thoron progeny and the external irradiation of the body by gamma ray emitted from the radionuclides. The aim of this study was to estimate the enhanced alpha radioactivity in different parts of plants due to fertilizers and to measure the concentration of different elements present in the fertilizers. A control study was carried out on round gourd plants using different fertilizers. Fertilizers were added to the soil just before the plantation of seeds in the pots. For the measurement of alpha track densities in different parts of plants we used α-sensitive LR-115 type II plastic track detectors. The alpha-track density (T cm^?2 days^?1) was measured in leaves of plants at different interval of time. The variation in alpha track densities was also observed in root, stem leaf and grain parts of the plants. In case of the plants grown using some phosphate fertilizers the alpha radioactivity was found to be more compared with others. A positive correlation between alpha track densities and mass exhalation rates of radon from different fertilizers has been observed. The concentration of major elements (Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K) along with other elements present in fertilizer samples was measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis.     

Normal- and reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography methods for the simultaneous determination of remogliflozin etabonate and metformin hydrochloride antidiabetic drugs in bulk and tablet formulation

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Two new, simple, fast, and sensitive methods, normal- and reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (NP-HPTLC and...     

Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of cysteine by imidazolium dichromate

Cysteic acid is formed as a product of the oxidation of cysteine (Cys) by imidazolium dichromate (IDC) in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) as solvent. The reaction is determined to be first order in terms of IDC and pseudo first order in terms of cysteine. Hydrogen ions catalyzed the oxidation process. Cysteine's oxidation was investigated in nineteen organic solvents, multiparametric equations by Kamlet and Swain used to examine the solvent effect. The solvent effect designated to the cation-solvating behavior of the solvents. An appropriate and suitable mechanism has been proposed.     

Study of Love-type wave propagation in an isotropic tri layers elastic medium overlying a semi-infinite elastic medium structure

This paper deals with the propagation of Love-type wave in a composite isotropic structure embraced of tri layers elastic medium overlying a semi-infinite elastic medium. The heterogeneity is caused due to the variation of linear, exponential, and quadratic with respect to the depth. Modified Bessel function with Debye Asymptotic Expansion approach is used to achieve closed form of dispersion equation analytically and found to be in well agreement to the classical Love wave equation. Numerical computation has been carried out to accomplish the graphical demonstration to unravel some important peculiarities of wave number associated in presence or absence of layers medium and effect of heterogeneities on phase velocity of Love-type wave.     

Fluorinated piperidine iminosugars and their N-alkylated derivatives: Synthesis,conformational analysis,immunosuppressive and glycosidase inhibitory activity studies

The fluorinated piperidine iminosugars 2a-4a and their N-octyl and N-decyl derivatives 2b,c-4b,c were synthesized from d-mannose/d-xylose using nucleophilic fluorination as the key step. The conformation of iminosugars 2/3, either ²C₅ or ⁵C₂, was assigned based on the ¹H NMR studies at different pH. Immunomodulatory activity of 2a,c-4a,c was examined using Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) and B-cell assay. The N-alkylated fluorinated d-manno-iminosugars 3b/4b were found to be better immunosuppressive agents (IC₅₀?=?5–6?μM) on T-cells. The fluorinated iminosugar 3a/4a act as potent and selective inhibitors of β-glucosidase (IC₅₀?=?4–8?μM). The N-alkyl-iminosugars 4b-c were found to be moderate inhibitors of α-glucosidase (yeast) and α-galactosidase (coffee beans), respectively.     

A kernel machine-based fMRI physiological noise removal method

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique with blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is a powerful tool for noninvasive mapping of brain function under task and resting states. The removal of cardiac- and respiration-induced physiological noise in fMRI data has been a significant challenge as fMRI studies seek to achieve higher spatial resolutions and characterize more subtle neuronal changes. The low temporal sampling rate of most multi-slice fMRI experiments often causes aliasing of physiological noise into the frequency range of BOLD activation signal. In addition, changes of heartbeat and respiration patterns also generate physiological fluctuations that have similar frequencies with BOLD activation. Most existing physiological noise-removal methods either place restrictive limitations on image acquisition or utilize filtering or regression based post-processing algorithms, which cannot distinguish the frequency-overlapping BOLD activation and the physiological noise. In this work, we address the challenge of physiological noise removal via the kernel machine technique, where a nonlinear kernel machine technique, kernel principal component analysis, is used with a specifically identified kernel function to differentiate BOLD signal from the physiological noise of the frequency. The proposed method was evaluated in human fMRI data acquired from multiple task-related and resting state fMRI experiments. A comparison study was also performed with an existing adaptive filtering method. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively identify and reduce the physiological noise in fMRI data. The comparison study shows that the proposed method can provide comparable or better noise removal performance than the adaptive filtering approach.