On Minty variational principle for nonsmooth vector optimization problems with generalized approximate convexity

In this paper, we consider a nonsmooth vector optimization problem involving locally Lipschitz generalized approximate convex functions and find some relations between approximate convexity and generalized approximate convexity. We establish relationships between vector variational inequalities and nonsmooth vector optimization problem using the generalized approximate convexity as a tool.     

Synthesis of novel fluorescent benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine and benzo[a]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives via facile four-component domino protocol

An efficient and practical route to novel fluorescent benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazine framework has been developed by one-pot, four-component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, 1,2-phenylenediamines, aromatic aldehydes, and Meldrum’s acid in glacial acetic acid at 70 °C. Photophysical studies of these compounds have been reported. Reactions involving cyclohexane-1,3-dione/5-methylcyclohexane-1,3-dione/dimedone in the place of Meldrum’s acid yielded corresponding benzo[a]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives. Crystal structure of 3k established the regioisomer formed. Mild reaction conditions, good yields, short reaction time, and easy separation are some of the salient features of the present protocol.     

Synergic effect of Type II ZnO/BiVO4 magnetic heterostructures for visible light-driven degradation of bisphenol A and methyl violet

Construction of an effective heterojunction for unimpeded flow of photogenerated charges and their prolonged separation is imperative for environmental photocatalysis. Herein, we have designed an efficient magnetic ZnO/BiVO₄ type-II heterostructure, which was employed for proficient degradation of persistent methyl violet dye with an efficiency of 97.6% in 90 min and a hazardous organic pollutant, namely, bisphenol A. UV-DRS and photoluminescence studies demonstrated that the fabricated nanocomposite exhibited effective light absorption and prolonged charge separation, thereby resulting in high photocatalytic efficacy under visible light irradiation. The efficacy of developed magnetic ZnO/BiVO₄ was also compared with pristine BiVO₄ and undoped magnetic ZnO, which indicated that the constructed heterostructure displayed approximately threefold and sixfold activity in contrast with bare BiVO₄ and undoped magnetic ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. Radical trapping studies, ESR analysis along with GC-MS analysis were conducted to elucidate the mechanistic pathway during the photodegradation process. This work provides a rational technical approach and research ideas for photocatalytic degradation of harmful organic pollutants in an environment-friendly manner by employing energy-efficient LEDs. Besides, good recyclability of catalyst makes it a promising candidate for large-scale applications.     

Toxicological effects,biological aspects and spectral characterization of organoboron(III) complexes of sulfonamide‐imines

The toxicological effects, biological aspects and spectral characterization of organoboron(III) complexes of sulfonamide‐imines derived by the condensation of salicylaldehyde with different sulfa‐drugs are described. The benzene‐soluble, high‐molecular‐weight complexes have been characterized using a wide range of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, viz. UV, IR, ¹H and ¹¹B NMR. On the basis of these studies, it is inferred that the imines derived from sulfa drugs and salicylaldehyde behave as dibasic tridentate ligands and thus provide a tetrahedral environment around the boron atom. Finally, all these complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activity against a variety of fungal and bacterial strains and their toxicological effects on male albino rats examined at the dosages employed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Review of the synthesis,characterization, and properties of LaAlO3 phosphors

In this review different methods of preparing lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO₃) phosphors are discussed. The molten salt method, the combustion method, the sucrose method, and the coprecipitation technique are the best methods for preparing LaAlO₃ phosphors with small particle size and high surface area by low-temperature synthesis. LaAlO₃ usually has a rhombohedral structure. It has good dielectric properties and, hence, is regarded as an attractive alternative to SiO₂ in microelectronic devices. LaAlO₃ phosphors have excellent chemical and thermal stability, mechanical durability, and exploitable optical and electronic properties, leading to a wide range of potential applications. LaAlO₃ phosphors doped with rare-earth ions have luminescence properties and can, hence, be used in optical display systems.     

Silymarin,a polyphenolic flavonoid impede Plasmodium falciparum growth through interaction with heme

Abstract

A polyphenolic flavonoid, Silymarin isolated from Silybum marianum is widely known for its hepatoprotective action. In the present study anti-plasmodial activity of Silymarin has been demonstrated for the first time having IC₅₀ of 14?±?0.33?μM against the NF-54 strain of P. falciparum with high selectivity index (>100). The parasitostatic action is exerted through inhibition of β-hematin/hemozoin formation which is due to the interaction (Kd?=?3.63?±?0.9µM) of silymarin with free heme in a Stoichiometry of 1:1 Silymarin: heme complex resulting into heme-induced membrane damage in the parasite. Silymarin could hinder the glutathione and hydrogen peroxide-induced heme detoxification. Silymarin also induces apoptosis in the parasite through the elevation of caspase-3 level in a dose-dependent manner. Results from the docking studies suggest that Silymarin interacts with heme.     

Effect of remote trigonal carbons on the kinetics of Bergman cyclization: synthesis and chemical reactivity of pyridazinedione-based enediynes

The synthesis and chemical reactivity of pyridazinedione-based enediynes (1, 2) are described. Both of these enediynes, namely the dihydro compound 1 and its corresponding tetrahydro analogue 2, were prepared by double N,O-alkylation of the corresponding heterocyclic system with the acyclic enediynyl dibromide 8 in good yields. Their single-crystal X-ray structures revealed similar c, d distances (distance between the acetylenic carbons undergoing covalent connection in Bergman cyclization). Interestingly, these molecules undergo Bergman cyclization at different rates, and the reactivity is shown to be dependent upon the state of hybridization of C-4 and C-5 atoms of the parent heterocyclic ring.     

Structural,thermal, and ion dynamics studies of PVA-CS-NaI-based biopolymer electrolyte films

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - A series of biopolymer blend electrolytes (BPBEs) based on ((100-x)PVA-xCS)-NaI, viz. BPBE-1 to BPBE-5 (x = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 in wt%), respectively, were...